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A Smile is Just a Smile: But Only for Men. Sex Differences in Meaning of Faces Scales

Elfering, Achim ; Grebner, Simone

In: Journal of Happiness Studies, 2010, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 179-191

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    Titre
    • A Smile is Just a Smile: But Only for Men. Sex Differences in Meaning of Faces Scales
    Auteur
    • Elfering, Achim. Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstr. 45, 3000, Bern 9, Switzerland
    • Grebner, Simone. Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, USA
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Anglais
    Publié dans
    • Journal of Happiness Studies, 2010, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 179-191. Springer Netherlands
    Autre version électronique
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:313822
    Summary
    This study tests psychometrics of the faces scale that is often used in organizational psychology to assess emotions, attitudes, and well-being. In analyzing 10,584 two-categorical judgments ("sad” versus "happy”) of 11 faces from 72 participants, women judged a face with a horizontal line as mouth ("neutral face”) more often sad than happy and significantly more often sad than men did. Moreover, women adapted their judgments to the range of faces under study in showing a significant contrast effect. In a range of neutral to bright smiling faces a face showing a mild smile was judged to be sad, while in a range of neutral to heavy griming faces a mild grim was judged to be happy. Sex differences in meaning of faces within faces scales and their implications for the use of the faces scale in work and organizational psychology are discussed