Fulltext

Genetic variation at CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 interacts with smoking status to influence body mass index

Freathy, Rachel M. ; Kazeem, Gbenga R. ; Morris, Richard W. ; Johnson, Paul C D. ; Paternoster, Lavinia ; Ebrahim, Shah ; Hattersley, Andrew T. ; Hill, Anita ; Hingorani, Aroon D. ; Holst, Claus ; Jefferis, Barbara J. ; Kring, Sofia I I. ; Mooser, Vincent ; Padmanabhan, Sandosh ; Preisig, Martin ; Ring, Susan M. ; Sattar, Naveed ; Upton, Mark N. ; Vollenweider, Peter ; Waeber, Gerard ; Sørensen, Thorkild I A. ; Frayling, Timothy M. ; Watt, Graham ; Lawlor, Debbie A. ; Whincup, Peter H. ; Tozzi, Federica ; Davey Smith, George ; Munafò, Marcus

In: International Journal of Epidemiology, 2011, vol. 40, no. 6, p. 1617-1628

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    Titre
    • Genetic variation at CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 interacts with smoking status to influence body mass index
    Auteur
    • Freathy, Rachel M.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Kazeem, Gbenga R.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Morris, Richard W.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Johnson, Paul C D.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Paternoster, Lavinia. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Ebrahim, Shah. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Hattersley, Andrew T.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Hill, Anita. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Hingorani, Aroon D.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Holst, Claus. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Jefferis, Barbara J.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Kring, Sofia I I.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Mooser, Vincent. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Padmanabhan, Sandosh. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Preisig, Martin. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Ring, Susan M.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Sattar, Naveed. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Upton, Mark N.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Vollenweider, Peter. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Waeber, Gerard. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Sørensen, Thorkild I A.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Frayling, Timothy M.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Watt, Graham. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Lawlor, Debbie A.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Whincup, Peter H.. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Tozzi, Federica. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Davey Smith, George. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    • Munafò, Marcus. The MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology (CAiTE), Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Statistical Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, UK, Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Non-Communicable Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Peninsula NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark, Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, PA, USA, British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Woodlands Family Medical Centre, Stockton-on-Tees, UK, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, General Practice and Primary Care, Division of Community-based Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Division of Community Health Sciences, St George's University of London, London, UK,Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Verona, Italy, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Anglais
    Publié dans
    • International Journal of Epidemiology, 2011, vol. 40, no. 6, p. 1617-1628. Oxford University Press
    Autre version électronique
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:297517
    Summary
    Background Cigarette smoking is associated with lower body mass index (BMI), and a commonly cited reason for unwillingness to quit smoking is a concern about weight gain. Common variation in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region (chromosome 15q25) is robustly associated with smoking quantity in smokers, but its association with BMI is unknown. We hypothesized that genotype would accurately reflect smoking exposure and that, if smoking were causally related to weight, it would be associated with BMI in smokers, but not in never smokers. Methods We stratified nine European study samples by smoking status and, in each stratum, analysed the association between genotype of the 15q25 SNP, rs1051730, and BMI. We meta-analysed the results (n = 24 198) and then tested for a genotype × smoking status interaction. Results There was no evidence of association between BMI and genotype in the never smokers {difference per T-allele: 0.05 kg/m2 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): −0.05 to 0.18]; P = 0.25}. However, in ever smokers, each additional smoking-related T-allele was associated with a 0.23 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.13-0.31) lower BMI (P = 8 × 10−6). The effect size was larger in current [0.33 kg/m2 lower BMI per T-allele (95% CI: 0.18-0.48); P = 6 × 10−5], than in former smokers [0.16 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.03-0.29); P = 0.01]. There was strong evidence of genotype × smoking interaction (P = 0.0001). Conclusions Smoking status modifies the association between the 15q25 variant and BMI, which strengthens evidence that smoking exposure is causally associated with reduced BMI. Smoking cessation initiatives might be more successful if they include support to maintain a healthy BMI