In: International Journal of Obesity, 2006, vol. 30, no. S4, p. S58–S66
In people trying to lose weight, there are often repeated cycles of weight loss and regain. Weight cycling is, however, not limited to obese adults but affects people of normal weight, particularly young women, who are unhappy with their appearance. Furthermore, the onset of a pattern of weight cycling is shifting towards younger ages, owing to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity...
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In: International Journal of Obesity, 2006, vol. 30, no. S4, p. S23–S35
The analyses of large epidemiological databases have suggested that infants and children who show catch-up growth, or adiposity rebound at a younger age, are predisposed to the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases later in life. The pathophysiological mechanisms by which these growth trajectories confer increased risks for these diseases are obscure, but there is...
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In: The FASEB Journal, 2006, vol. 20, no. 10, p. 1751-1753
An enhanced metabolic efficiency for accelerating the recovery of fat mass (or catch-up fat) is a characteristic feature of body weight regulation after weight loss or growth retardation and is the outcome of an "adipose-specific" suppression of thermogenesis, i.e., a feedback control system in which signals from the depleted adipose tissue fat stores exert a suppressive effect on thermogenesis....
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In: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2006, vol. 91, no. 9, p. 3598-3602
Context: A recent study reported that drinking 500 ml of water causes a 30% increase in metabolic rate. If verified, this previously unrecognized thermogenic property of water would have important implications for weight-loss programs. However, the concept of a thermogenic effect of water is controversial because other studies have found that water drinking does not increase energy...
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In: Endocrinology, 2006, vol. 147(1), p. 31-38
The mechanisms by which CRH and related peptides (i.e. the CRH/urocortin system) exert their control over thermogenesis and weight regulation have until now focused only upon their effects on brain centers controlling sympathetic outflow. Using a method that involves repeated oxygen uptake determinations in intact mouse skeletal muscle, we report here that CRH can act directly on skeletal...
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In: American Journal of Physiology - Heart & Circulatory Physiology, 2005, vol. 289, p. H1807-H1813
Adipocytes and perivascular adipose tissue are emerging as regulators of vascular function. The effects of adipocytes and perivascular adipose tissue on human smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation were investigated. Conditioned medium was prepared from cultured premature and differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes and from periaortic adipose tissue from young (3 mo) and old (24 mo) Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)...
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In: FEBS Letters, 2004, vol. 577, no. 3, p. 539-544
We report here studies that integrate data of respiration rate from mouse skeletal muscle in response to leptin and pharmacological interference with intermediary metabolism, together with assays for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results suggest that the direct effect of leptin in stimulating thermogenesis in skeletal muscle is mediated by...
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In: International Journal of Obesity, 2004, vol. 28 (Suppl. 4), p. S29-S37
Life is a combustion, but how the major fuel substrates that sustain human life compete and interact with each other for combustion has been at the epicenter of research into the pathogenesis of insulin resistance ever since Randle proposed a 'glucose-fatty acid cycle' in 1963. Since then, several features of a mutual interaction that is characterized by both reciprocality and dependency between...
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In: International Journal of Obesity, 2004, vol. 28, p. S58-65
In humans and most animal models, the development of obesity leads not only to increased fat depots in classical adipose tissue locations but also to significant lipid deposits within and around other tissues and organs, a phenomenon known as ectopic fat storage. The purpose of this review is to explore the possible locations of ectopic fat in key target-organs of cardiovascular control (heart,...
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In: Circulation, 2004, vol. 110, p. 3708-3714
Background— Arginase competes with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) for the substrate L-arginine and decreases NO production. This study investigated regulatory mechanisms of arginase activity in endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Methods and Results— In human endothelial cells isolated from umbilical veins, thrombin concentration- and time-dependently stimulated...
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