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Université de Fribourg

Twenty years of European mountain permafrost dynamics—the PACE legacy

Etzelmüller, Bernd ; Guglielmin, Mauro ; Hauck, Christian ; Hilbich, Christin ; Hoelzle, Martin ; Isaksen, Ketil ; Noetzli, Jeanette ; Oliva, Marc ; Ramos, Miguel

In: Environmental Research Letters, 2020, vol. 15, no. 10, p. 104070

This paper reviews and analyses the past 20 years of change and variability of European mountain permafrost in response to climate change based on time series of ground temperatures along a south–north transect of deep boreholes from Sierra Nevada in Spain (37°N) to Svalbard (78°N), established between 1998 and 2000 during the EU-funded PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) project. In...

Université de Fribourg

Direct observations of a three million cubic meter rock-slope collapse with almost immediate initiation of ensuing debris flows

Walter, Fabian ; Amann, Florian ; Kos, Andrew ; Kenner, Robert ; Phillips, Marcia ; Preux, Antoine de ; Huss, Matthias ; Tognacca, Christian ; Clinton, John ; Diehl, Tobias ; Bonanomi, Yves

In: Geomorphology, 2020, vol. 351, p. 106933

Catastrophic collapse of large rock slopes ranks as one of the most hazardous natural phenomena in mountain landscapes. The cascade of events, from rock- slope failure, to rock avalanche and the near-immediate release of debris flows has not previously been described from direct observations. We report on the 2017, 3.0 × 106 m3 failure on Pizzo Cengalo in Switzerland, which led to human...

Université de Fribourg

Continuous and autonomous snow water equivalent measurements by a cosmic ray sensor on an alpine glacier

Gugerli, Rebecca ; Salzmann, Nadine ; Huss, Matthias ; Desilets, Darin

In: The Cryosphere, 2019, vol. 13, no. 12, p. 3413–3434

Snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements of seasonal snowpack are crucial in many research fields. Yet accurate measurements at a high temporal resolution are difficult to obtain in high mountain regions. With a cosmic ray sensor (CRS), SWE can be inferred from neutron counts. We present the analyses of temporally continuous SWE measurements by a CRS on an alpine glacier in Switzerland...

Université de Fribourg

Rapid expansion of Greenland’s low-permeability ice slabs

MacFerrin, Mike ; Machguth, Horst ; As, Dirk van ; Charalampidis, C. ; Stevens, C. M. ; Heilig, A. ; Vandecrux, B. ; Langen, P. L. ; Mottram, R. ; Fettweis, Xavier ; Broeke, Michiel R. van den ; Pfeffer, W. T. ; Moussavi, M. S. ; Abdalati, W.

In: Nature, 2019, vol. 573, no. 7774, p. 403–407

In recent decades, meltwater runoff has accelerated to become the dominant mechanism for mass loss in the Greenland ice sheet1,2,3. In Greenland’s high- elevation interior, porous snow and firn accumulate; these can absorb surface meltwater and inhibit runoff4, but this buffering effect is limited if enough water refreezes near the surface to restrict percolation5,6. However, the influence...

Université de Fribourg

Distinguishing ice-rich and ice-poor permafrost to map ground temperatures and ground ice occurrence in the Swiss Alps

Kenner, Robert ; Noetzli, Jeannette ; Hoelzle, Martin ; Raetzo, Hugo ; Phillips, Marcia

In: The Cryosphere, 2019, vol. 13, no. 7, p. 1925–1941

Mountain permafrost is invisible, and mapping it is still a challenge. Available permafrost distribution maps often overestimate the permafrost extent and include large permafrost-free areas in their permafrost zonation. In addition, the representation of the lower belt of permafrost consisting of ice-rich features such as rock glaciers or ice-rich talus slopes can be challenging. These...