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Université de Fribourg

Selective extinction against redundant species buffers functional diversity

Pimiento, Catalina ; Bacon, Christine D. ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Hendy, Austin ; Jaramillo, Carlos ; Zizka, Alexander ; Meyer, Xavier ; Antonelli, Alexandre

In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2020, vol. 287, no. 2020-1931, p. 20201162

The extinction of species can destabilize ecological processes. A way to assess the ecological consequences of species loss is by examining changes in functional diversity. The preservation of functional diversity depends on the range of ecological roles performed by species, or functional richness, and the number of species per role, or functional redundancy. However, current knowledge is...

Université de Fribourg

Scientists’ warning on invasive alien species

Pyšek, Petr ; Hulme, Philip E. ; Simberloff, Dan ; Bacher, Sven ; Blackburn, Tim M. ; Carlton, James T. ; Dawson, Wayne ; Essl, Franz ; Foxcroft, Llewellyn C. ; Genovesi, Piero ; Jeschke, Jonathan M. ; Kühn, Ingolf ; Liebhold, Andrew M. ; Mandrak, Nicholas E. ; Meyerson, Laura A. ; Pauchard, Aníbal ; Pergl, Jan ; Roy, Helen E. ; Seebens, Hanno ; Kleunen, Mark ; Vilà, Montserrat ; Wingfield, Michael J. ; Richardson, David M.

In: Biological Reviews, 2020, p. brv.12627

Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species – the subset of alien species that spread widely in areas where they are not native, affecting the environment or human livelihoods – are increasing. Synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and...

Université de Fribourg

Disentangling the effects of external perturbations on coexistence and priority effects

Song, Chuliang ; Rohr, Rudolf P. ; Vasseur, David ; Saavedra, Serguei

In: Journal of Ecology, 2020, p. 1365-2745.13349

A major challenge in ecological research is to identify the tolerance of ecological communities to external perturbations. Modern coexistence theory (MCT) has been widely adopted as a framework to investigate the tolerance to perturbations in relative reductions of per capita growth rates, often using metrics that explicitly eliminate the independent role of intrinsic growth rates. More...

Université de Fribourg

The effects of temperature and dispersal on species diversity in natural microbial metacommunities

Parain, Elodie C. ; Gray, Sarah M. ; Bersier, Louis-Félix

In: Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 18286

Dispersal is key for maintaining biodiversity at local- and regional scales in metacommunities. However, little is known about the combined effects of dispersal and climate change on biodiversity. Theory predicts that alpha-diversity is maximized at intermediate dispersal rates, resulting in a hump-shaped diversity-dispersal relationship. This relationship is predicted to flatten when...

Université de Fribourg

Ancient mitogenomics clarifies radiation of extinct Mascarene giant tortoises ( Cylindraspis spp.)

Kehlmaier, Christian ; Graciá, Eva ; Campbell, Patrick D. ; Hofmeyr, Margaretha D. ; Schweiger, Silke ; Martínez-Silvestre, Albert ; Joyce, Walter G. ; Fritz, Uwe

In: Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-7

The five extinct giant tortoises of the genus Cylindraspis belong to the most iconic species of the enigmatic fauna of the Mascarene Islands that went largely extinct after the discovery of the islands. To resolve the phylogeny and biogeography of Cylindraspis, we analysed a data set of 45 mitogenomes that includes all lineages of extant tortoises and eight near-complete sequences of all...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Transgenic expression of human signal regulatory protein alpha in Rag2−/−γc −/− mice improves engraftment of human hematopoietic cells in humanized mice

Strowig, Till ; Rongvaux, Anthony ; Rathinam, Chozhavendan ; Takizawa, Hitoshi ; Borsotti, Chiara ; Philbrick, William ; Eynon, Elizabeth E. ; Manz, Markus G. ; Flavell, Richard A.

In: Proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the United States of America, 2011, vol. 108, no. 32, p. 13218-13223

Transplantation of human hematopoietic stem cells into severely immunocompromised newborn mice allows the development of a human hematopoietic and immune system in vivo. NOD/scid/γc−/− (NSG) and BALB/c Rag2−/ −γc−/− mice are the most commonly used mouse strains for this purpose and a number of studies have demonstrated the high value of these model systems in areas spanning from...

Université de Fribourg

Increased temperature disrupts the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship

Parain, Elodie C. ; Rohr, Rudolf P. ; Gray, Sarah M. ; Bersier, Louis-Félix

In: The American Naturalist, 2018, vol. 193, no. 2, p. 227–239

Gaining knowledge of how ecosystems provide essential services to humans is of primary importance, especially with the current threat of climate change. Yet little is known about how increased temperature will impact the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship. We tackled this subject theoretically and experimentally. We developed a BEF theory based on mechanistic population ...