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Université de Fribourg

Rapid genomic and phenotypic change in response to climate warming in a widespread plant invader

Sun, Yan ; Bossdorf, Oliver ; Grados, Ramon D. ; Liao, Zhi, Yong ; Müller‐Schärer, Heinz

In: Global Change Biology, 2020//n/a/-

Predicting plant distributions under climate change is constrained by our limited understanding of potential rapid adaptive evolution. In an experimental evolution study with the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) we subjected replicated populations of the same initial genetic composition to simulated climate warming. Pooled DNA sequencing of parental and offspring...

Université de Fribourg

Microphysics and dynamics of snowfall associated with a warm conveyor belt over Korea

Gehring, Josué ; Oertel, Annika ; Vignon, Étienne ; Jullien, Nicolas ; Besic, Nikola ; Berne, Alexis

In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2020, vol. 20, no. 12, p. 7373–7392

On 28 February 2018, 57 mm of precipitation associated with a warm conveyor belt (WCB) fell within 21 h over South Korea. To investigate how the large-scale circulation influenced the microphysics of this intense precipitation event, we used radar measurements, snowflake photographs and radiosounding data from the International Collaborative Experiments for Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic and...

Université de Fribourg

Fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene locality of Maramena (Greece), the most diverse European herpetofauna at the Miocene/Pliocene transition boundary

Georgalis, Georgios L. ; Villa, Andrea ; Ivanov, Martin ; Vasilyan, Davit ; Delfino, Massimo

In: Palaeontologia Electronica, 2019, p. -

We herein describe the fossil amphibians and reptiles from the Neogene (latest Miocene or earliest Pliocene; MN 13/14) locality of Maramena, in northern Greece. The herpetofauna is shown to be extremely diverse, comprising at least 30 different taxa. Amphibians include at least six urodelan (Cryptobranchidae indet., Salamandrina sp., Lissotriton sp. [Lissotriton vulgaris group], Lissotriton sp.,...

Université de Fribourg

Last phase of the Little Ice Age forced by volcanic eruptions

Brönnimann, Stefan ; Franke, Jörg ; Nussbaumer, Samuel U. ; Zumbühl, Heinz J. ; Steiner, Daniel ; Trachsel, Mathias ; Hegerl, Gabriele C. ; Schurer, Andrew ; Worni, Matthias ; Malik, Abdul ; Flückiger, Julian ; Raible, Christoph C.

In: Nature Geoscience, 2019, vol. 12, no. 8, p. 650–656

During the first half of the nineteenth century, several large tropical volcanic eruptions occurred within less than three decades. The global climate effects of the 1815 Tambora eruption have been investigated, but those of an eruption in 1808 or 1809 whose source is unknown and the eruptions in the 1820s and 1830s have received less attention. Here we analyse the effect of the sequence of...

Université de Fribourg

Convexity of complements of tropical varieties, and approximations of currents

Adiprasito, Karim ; Babaee, Farhad

In: Mathematische Annalen, 2019, vol. 373, no. 1, p. 237–251

The goal of this note is to affirm a local version of conjecture of Nisse–Sottile [19] on higher convexity of complements of tropical varieties, while providing a family of counter-examples for the global Nisse–Sottle conjecture in any codimension and dimension higher than one. Moreover, it is shown that, surprisingly, this family also provides a family of counter-examples for the...

Université de Fribourg

Spatially varying selection shapes life history clines among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from sub-Saharan Africa

Fabian, D. K. ; Lack, J. B. ; Mathur, V. ; Schlötterer, C. ; Schmidt, P. S. ; Pool, J. E. ; Flatt, Thomas

In: Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2015, vol. 28, no. 4, p. 826–840

Clines in life history traits, presumably driven by spatially varying selection, are widespread. Major latitudinal clines have been observed, for example, in Drosophila melanogaster, an ancestrally tropical insect from Africa that has colonized temperate habitats on multiple continents. Yet, how geographic factors other than latitude, such as altitude or longitude, affect life history in this...