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Université de Fribourg

MAcroecological Framework for Invasive Aliens (MAFIA): disentangling large-scale context dependence in biological invasions

Pyšek, Petr ; Bacher, Sven ; Kühn, Ingolf ; Novoa, Ana ; Catford, Jane A. ; Hulme, Philip E. ; Pergl, Jan ; Richardson, David M. ; Wilson, John R. U. ; Blackburn, Tim M.

In: NeoBiota, 2020, vol. 62, p. 407–461

Macroecology is the study of patterns, and the processes that determine those patterns, in the distribution and abundance of organisms at large scales, whether they be spatial (from hundreds of kilometres to global), temporal (from decades to centuries), and organismal (numbers of species or higher taxa). In the context of invasion ecology, macroecological studies include, for example,...

Université de Fribourg

Comparative anatomy and phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Echinodermata: Asteroidea): insights from ossicle morphology

Fau, Marine ; Villier, Loïc

In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2020, vol. 189, no. 3, p. 921–952

A new phylogenetic analysis of the superorder Forcipulatacea is presented. Forcipulatacea is one of the three major groups of sea stars (Asteroidea: Echinodermata), composed of 400 extant species. The sampled taxa are thought to represent the morphological diversity of the group. Twenty-nine forcipulate taxa were sampled belonging to Asteriidae, Stichasteridae, Heliasteridae,...

Université de Fribourg

Ranking game on networks: The evolution of hierarchical society

Zhang, Xin-Jie ; Tanga, Yong ; Xiong, Jason ; Wang, Wei-Jia ; Zhang, Yi-Cheng

In: Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 2020, vol. 540, p. 123140

Interacting with each other, individuals in a population form various social network topologies. Models of evolutionary games on networks provide insight into how the collective behaviors of structured populations are influenced by individual decision making and network topologies. In a hierarchical society, many social resources are allocated according to certain social rankings, such as...

Université de Fribourg

Life-history evolution and the genetics of fitness components in drosophila melanogaster

Flatt, Thomas

In: Genetics, 2020, vol. 214, no. 1, p. 3–48

Life-history traits or “fitness components”—such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span—are the major phenotypic determinants of Darwinian fitness. Analyzing the evolution and genetics of these phenotypic targets of selection is central to our understanding of adaptation. Due to its simple and rapid life cycle, cosmopolitan...

Université de Fribourg

Novel insights into the morphology of Plesiochelys bigleri from the early Kimmeridgian of Northwestern Switzerland

Raselli, Irena ; Anquetin, Jérémy

In: PLOS ONE, 2019, vol. 14, no. 5, p. e0214629

Plesiochelyidae were relatively large coastal marine turtles, which inhabited the epicontinental seas of Western Europe during the Late Jurassic. Their fossil record can be tracked in Germany, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, France, Spain and Portugal. The Jura Mountains, in northwestern Switzerland, have been the main source for the study of this group, mostly thanks to the rich and famous...

Université de Fribourg

Extending the mathematical palette for developmental pattern formation: piebaldism

Dougoud, Michaël ; Mazza, Christian ; Schwaller, Beat ; Pecze, László

In: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 2019, vol. 81, no. 5, p. 1461–1478

Here, we present a theoretical investigation with potential insights on developmental mechanisms. Three biological factors, consisting of two diffusing factors and a cell- autonomous immobile transcription factor are combined with different feedback mechanisms. This results in four different situations or fur patterns. Two of them reproduce classical Turing patterns: (1) regularly spaced...

Université de Fribourg

Similarities and differences in altitudinal versus latitudinal variation for morphological traits in Drosophila melanogaster

Klepsatel, Peter ; Gáliková, Martina ; Huber, Christian D. ; Flatt, Thomas

In: Evolution, 2014, vol. 68, no. 5, p. 1385–1398

Understanding how natural environments shape phenotypic variation is a major aim in evolutionary biology. Here, we have examined clinal, likely genetically based variation in morphology among 19 populations of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) from Africa and Europe, spanning a range from sea level to 3000 m altitude and including locations approximating the southern and northern range...