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Université de Fribourg

Rapid genomic and phenotypic change in response to climate warming in a widespread plant invader

Sun, Yan ; Bossdorf, Oliver ; Grados, Ramon D. ; Liao, Zhi, Yong ; Müller‐Schärer, Heinz

In: Global Change Biology, 2020//n/a/-

Predicting plant distributions under climate change is constrained by our limited understanding of potential rapid adaptive evolution. In an experimental evolution study with the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) we subjected replicated populations of the same initial genetic composition to simulated climate warming. Pooled DNA sequencing of parental and offspring...

Université de Fribourg

Human microglia respond to malaria-induced extracellular vesicles

Mbagwu, Smart Ikechukwu ; Lannes, Nils ; Walch, Michael ; Filgueira, Luis ; Mantel, Pierre-Yves

In: Pathogens, 2020, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 21

Microglia are the chief immune cells of the brain and have been reported to be activated in severe malaria. Their activation may drive towards neuroinflammation in cerebral malaria. Malaria-infected red blood cell derived-extracellular vesicles (MiREVs) are produced during the blood stage of malaria infection. They mediate intercellular communication and immune regulation, among other...

Université de Fribourg

Differential expression of CD31 and von Willebrand factor on endothelial cells in different regions of the human brain: potential implications for cerebral malaria pathogenesis

Mbagwu, Smart Ikechukwu ; Filgueira, Luis

In: Brain Sciences, 2020, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 31

Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) line the vascular system of the brain and are the chief cells in the formation and function of the blood brain barrier (BBB). These cells are heterogeneous along the cerebral vasculature and any dysfunctional state in these cells can result in a local loss of function of the BBB in any region of the brain. There is currently no report on the...

Université de Fribourg

Hemozoin-catalyzed precipitation polymerization as an assay for malaria diagnosis

Rifaie-Graham, Omar ; Pollard, Jonas ; Raccio, Samuel ; Balog, Sandor ; Rusch, Sebastian ; Hernández-Castañeda, María Andrea ; Mantel, Pierre-Yves ; Beck, Hans-Peter ; Bruns, Nico

In: Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1369

Methods to diagnose malaria are of paramount interest to eradicate the disease. Current methods have severe limitations, as they are either costly or not sensitive enough to detect low levels of parasitemia. Here we report an ultrasensitive, yet low- resource chemical assay for the detection and quantification of hemozoin, a biomarker of all Plasmodium species. Solubilized hemozoin catalyzes...

Université de Fribourg

Health consequences of sterilizations

La Rupelle, Maëlys de ; Dumas, Christelle

(Working Papers SES ; 503)

In India, as in many developing countries, female sterilization is the main contraceptive method: 37% of women older than 25 are sterilized. However, no economic study assesses the effect of sterilization, providing guidance on efficient reproductive health policies. We analyze the consequences of sterilization for maternal health, considering the endogeneity of the decision. We exploit that...

Université de Fribourg

Evaluation of extracellular vesicle function during malaria infection

Andrea Hernández-Castañeda, María ; Mbagwu, Smart Ikechukwu ; Babatunde, Kehinde Adebayo ; Walch, Michael ; Filgueira, Luis ; Mantel, Pierre-Yves

In: JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), 2018, no. 132, p. e57067

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, with P. falciparum being the most prevalent on the African continent and responsible for most malaria-related deaths globally. Several factors including parasite sequestration in tissues, vascular dysfunction, and inflammatory responses influence the evolution of the disease in malaria-infected people. P. falciparum-infected...