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Université de Fribourg

Detecting selection from linked sites using an f-model

Galimberti, Marco ; Leuenberger, Christoph ; Wolf, Beat ; Szilágyi, Sándor Miklós ; Foll, Matthieu ; Wegmann, Daniel

In: Genetics, 2020, vol. 216, no. 4, p. 1205–1215

Allele frequencies vary across populations and loci, even in the presence of migration. While most differences may be due to genetic drift, divergent selection will further increase differentiation at some loci. Identifying those is key in studying local adaptation, but remains statistically challenging. A particularly elegant way to describe allele frequency differences among populations...

Université de Fribourg

The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling

Condamine, Fabien L. ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Koppelhus, Eva B. ; Antonelli, Alexandre

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, vol. 117, no. 46, p. 28867–28875

Competition among species and entire clades can impact species diversification and extinction, which can shape macroevolutionary patterns. The fossil record shows successive biotic turnovers such that a dominant group is replaced by another. One striking example involves the decline of gymnosperms and the rapid diversification and ecological dominance of angiosperms in the Cretaceous. It is...

Université de Fribourg

Staying alive on an active volcano : 80 years population dynamics of Cytisus aeolicus (Fabaceae) from Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy)

Zaia, R. ; Pasta, Salvatore ; Rita, F. Di ; Laudicina, V. A. ; Cascio, P. Lo ; Magri, D. ; Troia, Angelo ; Guarino, Riccardo

In: Ecological Processes, 2020, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 64

Cytisus aeolicus is a narrow endemic species restricted to the Aeolian archipelago (SE Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and it is one of the most evolutionarily isolated plants in the Mediterranean flora. Historical and literature data suggest that both metapopulations and isolated individuals of C. aeolicus are gradually shrinking. Field investigations and drone images demonstrate that the C. aeolicus...

Université de Fribourg

Potential for endozoochorous seed dispersal by sheep and goats : Risk of weed seed transport via animal faeces

Oveisi, Mostafa ; Ojaghi, Ahmad ; Rahimian Mashhadi, Hamid ; Müller‐Schärer, Heinz ; Reza Yazdi, Kamran ; Pourmorad Kaleibar, Behnaz ; Soltani, Elias

In: Weed Research, 2021, vol. 61, no. 1, p. 1-12

Endozoochory is known as an important mechanism for the spread of weeds. We carried out experiments to assess the fate of seeds of several weed species (Convolvulus arvensis, Cuscuta campestris, Rumex crispus, Hordeum spontaneum and Sorghum halepense) after passing through the gut of sheep and goat. Eighteen animals of both sheep and goat received diet mixed with seeds of the weed species or ...

Université de Fribourg

The woody planet : from past triumph to manmade decline

Fazan, Laurence ; Song, Yi-Gang ; Kozlowski, Gregor

In: Plants, 2020, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1593

Woodiness evolved in land plants approximately 400 Mya, and very soon after this evolutionary invention, enormous terrestrial surfaces on Earth were covered by dense and luxurious forests. Forests store close to 80% of the biosphere’s biomass, and more than 60% of the global biomass is made of wood (trunks, branches and roots). Among the total number of ca. 374,000 plant species worldwide,...

Université de Fribourg

Skin proteomics – analysis of the extracellular matrix in health and disease

Dengjel, Jörn ; Bruckner-Tuderman, Leena ; Nyström, Alexander

In: Expert Review of Proteomics, 2020, vol. 17, no. 5, p. 377–391

Introduction The skin protects the human body from external insults and regulates water and temperature homeostasis. A highly developed extracellular matrix (ECM) supports the skin and instructs its cell functions. Reduced functionality of the ECM is often associated with skin diseases that cause physical impairment and also have implications on social interactions and quality of life of...

Université de Fribourg

Phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of Pterocarya (Juglandaceae)

Song, Yi-Gang ; Li, Ying ; Meng, Hong-Hu ; Fragnière, Yann ; Ge, Bin-Jie ; Sakio, Hitoshi ; Yousefzadeh, Hamed ; Bétrisey, Sébastien ; Kozlowski, Gregor

In: Plants, 2020, vol. 9, no. 11, p. 1524

Relict species play an important role in understanding the biogeography of intercontinental disjunctions. Pterocarya (a relict genus) is the valuable model taxon for studying the biogeography of East Asian versus southern European/West Asian disjunct patterns. This disjunction has not been as well studied as others (e.g., between Eastern Asia and North America). Several phylogenetic studies...

Université de Fribourg

Tissue-specific transcription footprinting using RNA PoI DamID (RAPID) in Caenorhabditis elegans

Gómez-Saldivar, Georgina ; Osuna-Luque, Jaime ; Semple, Jennifer I. ; Glauser, Dominique A. ; Jarriault, Sophie ; Meister, Peter

In: Genetics, 2020, vol. 216, no. 4, p. 931–945

Differential gene expression across cell types underlies development and cell physiology in multicellular organisms. Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful, extensively used model to address these biological questions. A remaining bottleneck relates to the difficulty to obtain comprehensive tissue-specific gene transcription data, since available methods are still challenging to execute and/or...

Université de Fribourg

NGS-based S. aureus typing and outbreak analysis in clinical microbiology laboratories : Lessons learned from a Swiss-wide proficiency test

Dylus, David ; Pillonel, Trestan ; Opota, Onya ; Wüthrich, Daniel ; Seth-Smith, Helena M. B. ; Egli, Adrian ; Leo, Stefano ; Lazarevic, Vladimir ; Schrenzel, Jacques ; Laurent, Sacha ; Bertelli, Claire ; Blanc, Dominique S. ; Neuenschwander, Stefan ; Ramette, Alban ; Falquet, Laurent ; Imkamp, Frank ; Keller, Peter M. ; Kahles, Andre ; Oberhaensli, Simone ; Barbié, Valérie ; Dessimoz, Christophe ; Greub, Gilbert ; Lebrand, Aitana

In: Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, vol. 11, p. 591093

Whole genome sequencing (WGS) enables high resolution typing of bacteria up to the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) level. WGS is used in clinical microbiology laboratories for infection control, molecular surveillance and outbreak analyses. Given the large palette of WGS reagents and bioinformatics tools, the Swiss clinical bacteriology community decided to conduct a ring trial (RT) to...

Université de Fribourg

Mms19 promotes spindle microtubule assembly in Drosophila neural stem cells

Chippalkatti, Rohan ; Egger, Boris ; Suter, Beat

In: PLOS Genetics, 2020, vol. 16, no. 11, p. e1008913

Mitotic divisions depend on the timely assembly and proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. Malfunctioning of these processes can considerably delay mitosis, thereby compromising tissue growth and homeostasis, and leading to chromosomal instability. Loss of functional Mms19 drastically affects the growth and development of mitotic tissues in Drosophila larvae and we now demonstrate that...