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Pushing the volcanic explosivity index to its limit and beyond: constraints from exceptionally weak explosive eruptions at Kīlauea in 2008

Houghton, B.F. ; Swanson, D.A. ; Rausch, Juanita ; Carey, R.J. ; Fagents, S.A. ; Orr, T.R.

In: Geology, 2013, p. -

Estimating the mass, volume, and dispersal of the deposits of very small and/or extremely weak explosive eruptions is difficult, unless they can be sampled on eruption. During explosive eruptions of Halema'uma'u Crater (Kīlauea, Hawaii) in 2008, we constrained for the first time deposits of bulk volumes as small as 9–300 m³ (1 × 10⁴ to 8 × 10⁵ kg) and can demonstrate that they show...