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Faster, higher, more? Past, present and future dynamics of alpine and arctic flora under climate change

Rixen, Christian ; Wipf, Sonja ; Frei, Esther ; Stöckli, Veronika

In: Alpine Botany, 2014, vol. 124, no. 2, p. 77-79

Fresh-stem bending of silver fir and Norway spruce

Lundström, Tor ; Stoffel, Markus ; Stöckli, Veronika

In: Tree Physiology, 2008, vol. 28, no. 3, p. 355-366

The bending and growth characteristics of large fresh stems from four silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) and three Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) trees were studied. Twenty logs taken from different stem heights were subjected to four-point bending tests. From the bending test records, we calculated stress–strain curves, which accounted for detailed log taper, shear deformation and self...

Fresh-wood bending: linking the mechanical and growth properties of a Norway spruce stem

Lundström, Tor ; Heiz, Urs ; Stoffel, Markus ; Stöckli, Veronika

In: Tree Physiology, 2007, vol. 27, p. 1229-1241

To provide data and methods for analyzing stem mechanics, we investigated bending, density and growth characteristics of 207 specimens of fresh wood from different heights and radial positions of the stem of one mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) tree. From the shape of each stress–strain curve, which was calculated from bending tests that accounted for shear deformation,...