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Evolution of neck vertebral shape and neck retraction at the transition to modern turtles: an integrated geometric morphometric approach

Werneburg, Ingmar ; Wilson, Laura A.B. ; Parr, William C. H. ; Joyce, Walter G.

In: Systematic Biology, 2014, p. syu072

The unique ability of modern turtles to retract their head and neck into the shell through a side-necked (pleurodiran) or hidden-necked (cryptodiran) motion is thought to have evolved independently in crown turtles. The anatomical changes that led to the vertebral shapes of modern turtles, however, are still poorly understood. Here we present comprehensive geometric morphometric analyses that...