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Electrical spinal cord stimulation must preserve proprioception to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury

Formento, Emanuele ; Minassian, Karen ; Wagner, Fabien ; Mignardot, Jean Baptiste ; Le Goff-Mignardot, Camille G. ; Rowald, Andreas ; Bloch, Jocelyne ; Micera, Silvestro ; Capogrosso, Marco ; Courtine, Gregoire

In: Nature Neuroscience, 2018, vol. 21, no. 12, p. 1728–1741

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord restores locomotion in animal models of spinal cord injury but is less effective in humans. Here we hypothesized that this interspecies discrepancy is due to interference between EES and proprioceptive information in humans. Computational simulations and preclinical and clinical experiments reveal that EES blocks a significant amount of...