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Mutually exclusive redox forms of HMGB1 promote cell recruitment or proinflammatory cytokine release

Venereau, Emilie ; Casalgrandi, Maura ; Schiraldi, Milena ; Antoine, Daniel J. ; Cattaneo, Angela ; De Marchis, Francesco ; Liu, Jaron ; Antonelli, Antonella ; Preti, Alessandro ; Raeli, Lorenzo ; Samadi Shams, Sara ; Yang, Huan ; Varani, Luca ; Andersson, Ulf ; Tracey, Kevin J. ; Bachi, Angela ; Uguccioni, Mariagrazia ; Bianchi, Marco E.

In: The journal of experimental medicine, 2012, vol. 209, no. 9, p. 1519-1528

Tissue damage causes inflammation, by recruiting leukocytes and activating them to release proinflammatory mediators. We show that high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) orchestrates both processes by switching among mutually exclusive redox states. Reduced cysteines make HMGB1 a chemoattractant, whereas a disulfide bond makes it a proinflammatory cytokine and further cysteine oxidation to...