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Effects of heat treatment on red gemstone spinel: single-crystal X-ray, Raman, and photoluminescence study

Widmer, Remo ; Malsy, Anna-Kathrin ; Armbruster, Thomas

In: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2015, vol. 42, no. 4, p. 251-260

Severe structural damage in Cr- and V-rich clinozoisite: relics of an epidote-group mineral with Ca₂ Al₂ Cr³⁺ Si₃ O₁₂ (OH) composition?

Nagashima, Mariko ; Armbruster, Thomas ; Herwegh, Marco ; Pettke, Thomas ; Lahti, Seppo ; Grobéty, Bernard

In: European Journal of Mineralogy, 2011, vol. 23, no. 5, p. 731-743

Cr-rich clinozoisite with up to 0.89 Cr³ apfu and additional 0.23 V³⁺ apfu originating from the Outokumpu copper mine, Finland, was studied by electron microprobe analyses, laser ablation inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry, single-crystal X-ray structure refinement of natural crystals and after step-wise annealing to a maximum temperature of 750°C, by HRTEM and electron...