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Multi-factorial approach to early numeracy—The effects of cognitive skills, language factors and kindergarten attendance on early numeracy performance of South African first graders

Aunio, Pirjo ; Korhonen, Johan ; Ragpot, Lara ; Törmänen, Minna ; Mononen, Riikka ; Henning, Elizabeth

In: International Journal of Educational Research, 2019, vol. 97, p. 65-76

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of cognitive skills (executive function), language factors (listening comprehension, English as a second language, ESL) and kindergarten attendance on early numeracy in a cross-sectional sample of South African children (N=442) in the beginning of Grade 1. The mean age of children was 81.62 months (SD=5.40). Structural equation path models...