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Université de Fribourg

Phenology and temperature‐dependent development of Ceutorhynchus assimilis, a potential biological control agent for Lepidium draba

Virag, A. von ; Bon, M.C. ; Cloşca, C. ; Diaconu, Alecu ; Haye, T. ; Weiss, R. M. ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Hinz, H. L.

In: Journal of Applied Entomology, 2017, vol. 141, no. 3, p. 219–230

Lepidium draba (Brassicaceae) is a major concern for agriculture and biodiversity in the western United States. As current control methods do not provide long-term, sustainable solutions, research has been conducted to find biological control agents. Ceutorhynchus assimilis is one of the currently investigated candidates. Known as oligophagous in the literature, a specialist clade of this...

Université de Fribourg

Is hybridization driving the evolution of climatic niche in Alyssum montanum

Arrigo, Nils ; La Harpe, Marylaure de ; Litsios, Glenn ; Zozomová-Lihová, Judita ; Španiel, Stanislav ; Marhold, Karol ; Barker, Michael S. ; Alvarez, Nadir

In: American Journal of Botany, 2016, p. -

PREMISE OF THE STUDY: After decades of interest, the contribution of hybridization to ecological diversification remains unclear. Hybridization is a potent source of novelty, but nascent hybrid lineages must overcome reproductive and ecological competition from their parental species. Here, we assess whether hybrid speciation is advantageous over alternative modes of speciation, by comparing...

Université de Fribourg

Local adaptation of sex induction in a facultative sexual crustacean: insights from QTL mapping and natural populations of Daphnia magna

Roulin, Anne C. ; Routtu, Jarkko ; Hall, Matthew D. ; Janicke, Tim ; Colson, Isabelle ; Haag, Christoph R. ; Ebert, Dieter

In: Molecular Ecology, 2013, vol. 22, no. 13, p. 3567–3579

Dormancy is a common adaptation in invertebrates to survive harsh conditions. Triggered by environmental cues, populations produce resting eggs that allow them to survive temporally unsuitable conditions. Daphnia magna is a crustacean that reproduces by cyclical parthenogenesis, alternating between the production of asexual offspring and the sexual reproduction of diapausing eggs (ephippia)....

Université de Fribourg

Cytotype differences modulate eco-geographical differentiation in the widespread plant Centaurea stoebe

Hahn, Min A. ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

In: Ecology, 2013, vol. 94, no. 5, p. 1005–1014

The evolution of optimal life history strategies is central for the fitness of organisms in a given environment. Besides divergent selection, other factors may determine regional patterns of differentiation and contribute to life history evolution. In a common-garden environment over three years, we examined life history differentiation across different eco-geographical regions and effects of a...

Université de Fribourg

Gene flow from foreign provenances into local plant populations: Fitness consequences and implications for biodiversity restoration

Crémieux, Lisèle ; Bischoff, Armin ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Steinger, Thomas

In: American Journal of Botany, 2010, vol. 97, p. 94-100

Long-distance transplantation of seed material as done in restoration programs has raised concerns about the risks associated with the introduction of maladapted genotypes that may hybridize with neighboring native conspecifics and decrease local population fitness (outbreeding depression). We studied the consequences of gene flow from foreign provenances into local populations in the common...

Université de Fribourg

Potential contribution of natural enemies to patterns of local adaptation in plants

Crémieux, Lisèle ; Bischoff, Armin ; Šmilauerová, Majka ; Lawson, Clare S. ; Mortimer, Simon R. ; Doležal, Jiří ; Lanta, Vojtěch ; Edwards, Andrew R. ; Brook, Alex J. ; Tscheulin, Thomas ; Macel, Mirka ; Lepš, Jan ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Steinger, Thomas

In: New Phytologist, 2008, vol. 180, no. 2, p. 524 - 533

Genetic differentiation among plant populations and adaptation to local environmental conditions are well documented. However, few studies have examined the potential contribution of plant antagonists, such as insect herbivores and pathogens, to the pattern of local adaptation.Here, a reciprocal transplant experiment was set up at three sites across Europe using two common plant species, Holcus...

Université de Fribourg

Climate vs. soil factors in local adaptation of two common plant species

Macel, Mirka ; Lawson, Clare S. ; Mortimer, Simon R. ; Šmilauerova, Marie ; Bischoff, Armin ; Crémieux, Lisèle ; Doležal, Jirí ; Edwards, Andrew R. ; Lanta, Vojtch ; Bezemer, T. Martijn ; Putten, Wim H. van der ; Igual, José M. ; Rodriguez-Barrueco, Claudino ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Steinger, Thomas

In: Ecology, 2007, vol. 88, no. 2, p. 424–433

Evolutionary theory suggests that divergent natural selection in heterogeneous environments can result in locally adapted plant genotypes. To understand local adaptation it is important to study the ecological factors responsible for divergent selection. At a continental scale, variation in climate can be important while at a local scale soil properties could also play a role. We designed an...

Université de Fribourg

Seed provenance matters — Effects on germination of four plant species used for ecological restoration

Bischoff, Armin ; Vonlanthen, Beatrice ; Steinger, Thomas ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

In: Basic and Applied Ecology, 2006, vol. 7, no. 4, p. 347-359

The use of local seed provenances is often recommended in restoration and habitat creation because they are thought to be better adapted to local habitat conditions. However, spatial scales and the degree of population differentiation are not well known and germination is often not included in comparisons between provenances. We analysed germination as a key trait of plant development in five...