This study aims to evaluate people’s gender representation of role names across three different languages, English, French and German. In order to provide norms for role names to be further used in research on gender stereotyping, 362 participants filled in a questionnaire about their estimates of the proportion of men and women in different roles. Role names are any names that incorporate...
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Gygax, Oakhill and Garnham (2003) showed that, contrary to the assumption of earlier research (e.g. Gernsbacher, Goldsmith, & Robertson, 1992), readers do not infer specific emotions such as guilt or boredom. This paper presents evidence for the non-specificity of emotional inferences regardless of the nature of the stories. In Experiment 1 and 2, Gygax et al.’s stories were made longer. In...
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This paper argues that emotional inferences about characters in a text are not as specific as previously assumed (Gernsbacher et al., 1992; Gernsbacher and Robertson, 1992; Gernsbacher et al., 1998; DeVega et al., 1996; DeVega et al., 1997). The emotional information inferred by readers does not differentiate between emotions that are similar, though not identical. In both Experiments 1 and 2,...
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The influence of stereotype and grammatical information (masculine intended as generic) on the representation of gender in language was investigated using a sentence evaluation paradigm. The first sentence introduced a role name (e. g. The spies came out…) and the second sentence contained explicit information about the gender of one or more of the characters (e. g. …one of the women…). The...
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This study investigates the influence of stereotypical information and the grammatical masculine on the representation of gender in Norwegian by applying a sentence evaluation paradigm. In this study, as in Gygax et al. (2007), participants had to decide whether a second sentence containing explicit information about the gender of one of more of the characters (e.g. …one of the women…) was a...
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This study investigates the influence of stereotypical information and the grammatical masculine on the representation of gender in Norwegian by applying a sentence evaluation paradigm. In this study, as in Gygax et al. (2007), participants had to decide whether a second sentence containing explicit information about the gender of one of more of the characters (e.g. …one of the women…) was a...
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This paper presents an overview of the activation of background knowledge during text comprehension. We first review the cognitive processes involved in the activation of inferences during text comprehension, stressing the interaction between text and reader in the construction of situation models. Second, we review evidence for embodied theories of cognition and discuss how this new framework...
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In this paper we argue that the generic use of the masculine represents a grammatical rule that might be easy to learn but difficult to apply when understanding texts. This argument is substantiated by reviewing the relevant literature as well as the recent work conducted by the GREL Group (Gender Representation in Language) on the interaction between stereotypical and grammatical information in...
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Although most research on the effect of tobacco warnings has been focused on attitude changes following the presentation of tobacco warnings, this paper takes a somewhat new perspective by investigating cognitive processing of tobacco warnings by adolescents of different ages (i.e., 14-, 16- and 18-year-olds). More specifically, this paper investigates the way adolescents encode different textual...
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We examined the relationships between three forms of sexism (Modern, Benevolent and Hostile) and two components of attitudes toward gender-neutral language (attitudes toward gender-related language reforms and recognition of sexist language) across different contexts. A questionnaire study (N = 446) was conducted among students in the United Kingdom and in two regions (French- and...
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