Gygax et al. (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form), but based on stereotypical information in English. In the present study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three...
|
This study aims to evaluate people’s gender representation of role names across three different languages, English, French and German. In order to provide norms for role names to be further used in research on gender stereotyping, 362 participants filled in a questionnaire about their estimates of the proportion of men and women in different roles. Role names are any names that incorporate...
|
The influence of stereotype and grammatical information (masculine intended as generic) on the representation of gender in language was investigated using a sentence evaluation paradigm. The first sentence introduced a role name (e. g. The spies came out…) and the second sentence contained explicit information about the gender of one or more of the characters (e. g. …one of the women…). The...
|
This study investigates the influence of stereotypical information and the grammatical masculine on the representation of gender in Norwegian by applying a sentence evaluation paradigm. In this study, as in Gygax et al. (2007), participants had to decide whether a second sentence containing explicit information about the gender of one of more of the characters (e.g. …one of the women…) was a...
|
This study investigates the influence of stereotypical information and the grammatical masculine on the representation of gender in Norwegian by applying a sentence evaluation paradigm. In this study, as in Gygax et al. (2007), participants had to decide whether a second sentence containing explicit information about the gender of one of more of the characters (e.g. …one of the women…) was a...
|
In this paper we argue that the generic use of the masculine represents a grammatical rule that might be easy to learn but difficult to apply when understanding texts. This argument is substantiated by reviewing the relevant literature as well as the recent work conducted by the GREL Group (Gender Representation in Language) on the interaction between stereotypical and grammatical information in...
|
We examined the relationships between three forms of sexism (Modern, Benevolent and Hostile) and two components of attitudes toward gender-neutral language (attitudes toward gender-related language reforms and recognition of sexist language) across different contexts. A questionnaire study (N = 446) was conducted among students in the United Kingdom and in two regions (French- and...
|
We collected norms on the gender stereotypicality of an extensive list of role nouns in Czech, English, French, German, Italian, Norwegian, and Slovak to be used as a basis for the selection of stimulus material in future studies. We present a web-based tool (https://www.unifr.ch/lcg/) that we developed to collect these norms and that we expect to be useful for other researchers as well. In...
|
The masculine plural form in French (e.g., musiciens [musicians]), as in other grammatical gender languages, though interpretable as a generic form (e.g., musicians are men and women), has been shown to more likely activate a specific interpretation (e.g., musicians are mainly men). In this study, we presented participants with female or male kinship – role noun word-pairs (e.g., oncle or tante...
|
In this chapter, we review theoretical and empirical advances in our understanding of the way readers construct a mental representation of gender. First, we introduce the different cognitive processes at the very base of any inference and explain the different top-down and bottom-up sources of information that may or may not interact when constructing a coherent representation of gender. Second,...
|
