In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2013, vol. 1302, no. 1, p. 1–10
The recent advancements in unraveling novel mechanisms that control the induction, (trans)differentiation, proliferation, and thermogenic activity and capacity of brown adipose tissue (BAT), together with the application of imaging techniques for human BAT visualization, have generated optimism that these advances will provide novel strategies for targeting BAT thermogenesis, leading to...
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In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2013, vol. 1280, p. 44-47
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) plays a central role in inflammation, allergy, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease. Obesity is accompanied by chronic, low-grade inflammation. As PI3Kγ plays a major role in leukocyte recruitment, targeting of PI3Kγ has been considered to be a strategy for attenuating progression of obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, PI3Kγ null...
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In: Obesity Reviews, 2012, vol. 13, no. S2, p. 58–68
The continuing increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic disorders such as type-II diabetes and an accelerating aging population globally will remain the major contributors to cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in the 21st century. It is well known that aging is highly associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence also shows that obesity and metabolic...
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In: Obesity Reviews, 2012, vol. 13, no. S2, p. 105–121
According to Lavoisier, ‘Life is combustion’. But to what extent humans adapt to changes in food intake through adaptive thermogenesis – by turning down the rate of heat production during energy deficit (so as to conserve energy) or turning it up during overnutrition (so as to dissipate excess calories) – has been one of the most controversial issues in nutritional sciences over the past...
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In: Obesity Reviews, 2011, vol. 12, no. 10, p. 866–883
The concept of managing obesity through the stimulation of thermogenesis is currently a focus of considerable attention by the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and functional food industries. This paper first reviews the landmark discoveries that have fuelled the search for thermogenic anti-obesity products that range from single-target drugs to multi-target functional foods. It subsequently...
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In: Journal of Physiology-Paris, 2006, vol. 100, no. 5-6, p. 243-251
In mammals, the master circadian clock that drives many biochemical, physiological and behavioral rhythms is located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Generation and maintenance of circadian rhythms rely on complex interlaced feedback loops based on transcriptional and posttranscriptional events involving clock genes and kinases. This clock serves the purpose to organize an...
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In: Faseb Journal, 2008, vol. 22, p. 774-785
Energy conservation directed at accelerating body fat recovery (or catch-up fat) contributes to obesity relapse after slimming and to excess fat gain during catch-up growth after malnutrition. To investigate the mechanisms underlying such thrifty metabolism for catch-up fat, we tested whether during refeeding after caloric restriction rats exhibiting catch-up fat driven by suppressed...
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In: Hormone Research, 2006, vol. 65, no. 3, p. 90-97
Catch-up growth during infancy and childhood is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for later development of insulin-related complications and chronic diseases, namely abdominal obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As catch-up growth per se is characterized by insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and an accelerated rate of fat storage (i.e., catch-up fat) even in...
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In: FEBS Letters, 2004, vol. 577, no. 3, p. 539-544
We report here studies that integrate data of respiration rate from mouse skeletal muscle in response to leptin and pharmacological interference with intermediary metabolism, together with assays for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP- activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results suggest that the direct effect of leptin in stimulating thermogenesis in skeletal muscle is mediated by...
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In: Physiology & Behavior, 2004, vol. 83, no. 4, p. 587-602
After decades of controversies about the quantitative importance of autoregulatory adjustments in energy expenditure in weight regulation, there is now increasing recognition that even subtle variations in thermogenesis could, in dynamic systems and over the long term, be important in determining weight maintenance in some and obesity in others. The main challenge nowadays is to provide a...
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