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Acute Effects of Methylphenidate, Modafinil, and MDMA on Negative Emotion Processing

Schmidt, André ; Müller, Felix ; Dolder, Patrick C. ; Schmid, Yasmin ; Zanchi, Davide ; Egloff, Laura ; Liechti, Matthias E. ; Borgwardt, Stefan

In: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 345-354

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    Titre
    • Acute Effects of Methylphenidate, Modafinil, and MDMA on Negative Emotion Processing
    Auteur
    • Schmidt, André. Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Müller, Felix. Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Dolder, Patrick C.. Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Schmid, Yasmin. Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Zanchi, Davide. Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Egloff, Laura. Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Liechti, Matthias E.. Department of Biomedicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    • Borgwardt, Stefan. Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Anglais
    Publié dans
    • International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2017, vol. 21, no. 4, p. 345-354. Oxford University Press
    Autre version électronique
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:332797
    Summary
    Abstract Background Stimulants such as methylphenidate and modafinil are frequently used as cognitive enhancers in healthy people, whereas 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) is proposed to enhance mood and empathy in healthy subjects. However, comparative data on the effects of methylphenidate and modafinil on negative emotions in healthy subjects have been partially missing. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of methylphenidate and modafinil on the neural correlates of fearful face processing using 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine as a positive control. Methods Using a double-blind, within-subject, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, 60 mg methylphenidate, 600 mg modafinil, and 125 mg 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine were administrated to 22 healthy subjects while performing an event-related fMRI task to assess brain activation in response to fearful faces. Negative mood states were assessed with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and subjective ratings. Results Relative to placebo, modafinil, but not methylphenidate or 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, increased brain activation within a limbic-cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit during fearful face processing. Modafinil but not methylphenidate also increased amygdala responses to fearful faces compared with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Furthermore, activation in the middle and inferior frontal gyrus in response to fearful faces correlated positively with subjective feelings of fearfulness and depressiveness after modafinil administration. Conclusions Despite the cognitive enhancement effects of 600 mg modafinil in healthy people, potential adverse effects on emotion processing should be considered.