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TC 238-SCM: hydration and microstructure of concrete with SCMs : State of the art on methods to determine degree of reaction of SCMs

Scrivener, Karen ; Lothenbach, Barbara ; De Belie, Nele ; Gruyaert, Elke ; Skibsted, Jørgen ; Snellings, Ruben ; Vollpracht, Anya

In: Materials and Structures, 2015, vol. 48, no. 4, p. 835-862

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    Titel
    • TC 238-SCM: hydration and microstructure of concrete with SCMs
      State of the art on methods to determine degree of reaction of SCMs
    Autor
    • Scrivener, Karen. Laboratory for Construction Materials, Station 12, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Lothenbach, Barbara. Laboratory for Construction Chemistry, EMPA, 8600, Dubendorf, Switzerland
    • De Belie, Nele. Magnal Laboratoy for Concrte Research, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
    • Gruyaert, Elke. Magnal Laboratoy for Concrte Research, Ghent University, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
    • Skibsted, Jørgen. Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
    • Snellings, Ruben. Sustainable Materials Management Unit, VITO, 2400, Mol, Belgium
    • Vollpracht, Anya. Institute of Building Materials Research, RWTH Aachen University, 52062, Aachen, Germany
    Dokumententyp
    • Postprint
    Sprache
    • Englisch
    Veröffentlicht in
    • Materials and Structures, 2015, vol. 48, no. 4, p. 835-862. Springer Netherlands
    Andere elektronische Ausgabe
    OAI-PMH-ID
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:332246
    Summary
    This paper is the work of working group 2 of the RILEM TC 238-SCM. Its purpose is to review methods to estimate the degree of reaction of supplementary cementitious materials in blended (or composite) cement pastes. We do not consider explicitly the wider issues of the influence of SCMs on hydration kinetics, nor the measurement of degree of reaction in alkali activated materials. The paper categorises the techniques into direct methods and indirect methods. Direct methods attempt to measure directly the amount of SCM remaining at a certain time, such as selective dissolution, microscopy combined with image analysis, and NMR. Indirect methods infer the amount of SCM reacted by back calculation from some other measured quantity, such as calcium hydroxide consumption. The paper first discusses the different techniques, how they operate and the advantages and limitations along with more details of case studies on different SCMs. In the second part we summarise the most suitable approaches for each SCM, and the paper finishes with conclusions and perspectives for future work.