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Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the microcirculation

Shu, Xiaohong ; Keller IV, T. ; Begandt, Daniela ; Butcher, Joshua ; Biwer, Lauren ; Keller, Alexander ; Columbus, Linda ; Isakson, Brant

In: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2015, vol. 72, no. 23, p. 4561-4575

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    Title
    • Endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the microcirculation
    Author
    • Shu, Xiaohong. College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 116044, Dalian, China
    • Keller IV, T.. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    • Begandt, Daniela. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    • Butcher, Joshua. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    • Biwer, Lauren. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    • Keller, Alexander. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    • Columbus, Linda. Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
    • Isakson, Brant. Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, P.O. Box 801394, 22908, Charlottesville, VA, USA
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    Language
    • English
    Published in
    • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 2015, vol. 72, no. 23, p. 4561-4575. Springer International Publishing
    Other Version
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:331600
    Summary
    Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, NOS3) is responsible for producing nitric oxide (NO)—a key molecule that can directly (or indirectly) act as a vasodilator and anti-inflammatory mediator. In this review, we examine the structural effects of regulation of the eNOS enzyme, including post-translational modifications and subcellular localization. After production, NO diffuses to surrounding cells with a variety of effects. We focus on the physiological role of NO and NO-derived molecules, including microvascular effects on vessel tone and immune response. Regulation of eNOS and NO action is complicated; we address endogenous and exogenous mechanisms of NO regulation with a discussion of pharmacological agents used in clinical and laboratory settings and a proposed role for eNOS in circulating red blood cells.