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Hepatic lymphatics: anatomy and related diseases

Pupulim, Lawrence ; Vilgrain, Valérie ; Ronot, Maxime ; Becker, Christoph ; Breguet, Romain ; Terraz, Sylvain

In: Abdominal Imaging, 2015, vol. 40, no. 6, p. 1997-2011

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    Title
    • Hepatic lymphatics: anatomy and related diseases
    Author
    • Pupulim, Lawrence. Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Vilgrain, Valérie. Department of Radiology, APHP, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, France
    • Ronot, Maxime. Department of Radiology, APHP, University Hospitals Paris Nord Val de Seine, Beaujon, Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, France
    • Becker, Christoph. Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Breguet, Romain. Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Terraz, Sylvain. Department of Radiology, University Hospitals of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, Geneva, Switzerland
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    Language
    • English
    Published in
    • Abdominal Imaging, 2015, vol. 40, no. 6, p. 1997-2011. Springer US; http://www.springer-ny.com
    Other Version
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:331399
    Summary
    The liver normally produces a large amount of lymph. It is estimated that between 25% and 50% of the lymph received by the thoracic duct comes from the liver. In normal conditions, hepatic lymphatics are not depicted on cross-sectional imaging. They are divided in lymphatics of deep system (lymphatics following the hepatic veins and the portal tract) and those of superficial system (convex surface and inferior surface). A variety of diseases may affect hepatic lymphatics and in general they manifest as lymphedema, lymphatic mass, or cystic lesions. Abnormal distended lymphatics are especially seen in periportal spaces as linear hypoattenuations on CT or strong linear hyperintensities on heavily T2-weighted MR imaging. Lymphatic tumor spread as in lymphoma and lymphangitic carcinomatosis manifests as periportal masses and regional lymph node enlargement. Lymphatic disruption after trauma or surgery is depicted as perihepatic fluid collections of lymph (lymphocele). Lymphatic malformation such as lymphangioma is seen on imaging as cystic spaces of variable size.