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Immune responses to airborne fungi and non-invasive airway diseases

Vacher, Gaëlle ; Niculita-Hirzel, Hélène ; Roger, Thierry

In: Seminars in Immunopathology, 2015, vol. 37, no. 2, p. 83-96

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    Title
    • Immune responses to airborne fungi and non-invasive airway diseases
    Author
    • Vacher, Gaëlle. Service of Occupational Hygiene, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Biopole 1 Building, Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Niculita-Hirzel, Hélène. Service of Occupational Hygiene, Institute for Work and Health, University of Lausanne and Geneva, Biopole 1 Building, Corniche 2, 1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Roger, Thierry. Infectious Diseases Service, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:331345
    Summary
    Inhalation of fungal particles is a ubiquitous way of exposure to microorganisms during human life; however, this exposure may promote or exacerbate respiratory diseases only in particular exposure conditions and human genetic background. Depending on the fungal species and form, fungal particles can induce symptoms in the lung by acting as irritants, aeroallergens or pathogens causing infection. Some thermophilic species can even act in all these three ways (e.g. Aspergillus, Penicillium), mesophilic species being only involved in allergic and/or non-allergic airway diseases (e.g. Cladosporium, Alternaria, Fusarium). The goal of the present review is to present the current knowledge on the interaction between airborne fungal particles and the host immune system, to illustrate the differences of immune sensing of different fungal species and to emphasise the importance of conducting research on non-conventional mesophilic fungal species. Indeed, the diversity of fungal species we inhale and the complexity of their composition have a direct impact on fungal particle recognition and immune system decision to tolerate or respond to those particles, eventually leading to collateral damages promoting airway pathologies.