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Preparation and characterization of cationic nanofibrillated cellulose from etherification and high-shear disintegration processes

Ho, T. ; Zimmermann, T. ; Hauert, R. ; Caseri, W.

In: Cellulose, 2011, vol. 18, no. 6, p. 1391-1406

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    Titre
    • Preparation and characterization of cationic nanofibrillated cellulose from etherification and high-shear disintegration processes
    Auteur
    • Ho, T.. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Wood Laboratory, Duebendorf, Switzerland
    • Zimmermann, T.. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Wood Laboratory, Duebendorf, Switzerland
    • Hauert, R.. Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials Science, Duebendorf, Switzerland
    • Caseri, W.. ETH, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Institute for Polymer, Zurich, Switzerland
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:309987
    Summary
    Oat straw cellulose pulp was cationized in an etherification reaction with chlorocholine chloride. The cationized cellulose pulp was then mechanically disintegrated in two process steps to obtain trimethylammonium-modified nanofibrillated cellulose (TMA-NFC). The materials thus obtained were analyzed by elemental analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other techniques. A higher nitrogen content of TMA-NFC samples was found by XPS analysis than by elemental analysis, which indicates that the modification occurred mainly on the surface of cellulose fibrils. XPS also confirmed the existence of ammonium groups in the samples. SEM provided images of very fine network structures of TMA-NFC, which affirmed the positive effect of ionic charge on mechanical disintegration process. According to XRD and SEM results, no severe degradation of the cellulose occurred, even at high reaction temperatures. Because of the different properties of the cationic NFC compared to negatively charged native cellulose fibers, TMA-NFC may find broad applications in technical areas, for instance in combination with anionic species, such as fillers or dyes. Indeed, TMA-NFC seems to improve the distribution of clay fillers in NFC matrix