Fulltext

Rheumatoid arthritis - clinical aspects : 134. Predictors of Joint Damage in South Africans with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Ickinger, Claudia ; Musenge, Eustasius ; Tikly, Mohammed ; Barnes, Jonathan ; Donnison, C. ; Scott, M. ; Bartholomew, Peter ; Rynne, Martin ; Hamilton, Jennifer ; Saravanan, V. ; Heycock, Carol ; Kelly, Clive ; de la Torre, Inmaculada ; Moura, Rita A. ; Leandro, Maria ; Edwards, Jonathan ; Cambridge, Geraldine ; de la Torre, Inmaculada ; Leandro, Maria ; Edwards, Johnathan ; Cambridge, Geraldine ; Daniels, Louise E. ; Gullick, Nicola J. ; Rees, Jonathan D. ; Kirkham, Bruce W. ; Daniels, Louise E. ; Gullick, Nicola J. ; Kirkham, Bruce W. ; Rees, Jonathan ; Scott, Ian C. ; Johnson, Deborah ; Scott, David L. ; Kingsley, Gabrielle ; Ma, Margaret H. ; Cope, Andrew P. ; Scott, David L. ; Kirkham, Bruce W. ; Brode, Sven ; Nisar, Muhammad K. ; Östör, Andrew J. ; Gullick, Nicola J. ; Oakley, Stephen P. ; Rees, Jonathan D. ; Jones, Tim ; Mistlin, Alan ; Panayi, Gabriel S. ; Kirkham, Bruce W. ; El Miedany, Yasser ; Palmer, Deborah ; Porkodi, Ramanathan ; Rajendran, Panchapakesa ; Waller, Rosemary ; Williamson, Lyn ; Collins, David ; Price, Elizabeth ; Juarez, Maria J. ; El Miedany, Yasser ; El Gaafary, Maha ; Youssef, sally ; Palmer, Deborah ; El Miedany, Yasser ; El Gaafary, Maha ; Palmer, Deborah ; Cramp, Fiona ; Hewlett, Sarah ; Almeida, Celia ; Kirwan, John ; Choy, Ernest ; Chalder, Trudie ; Pollock, Jon ; Christensen, Robin ; Mirjafari, Hoda ; Verstappen, Suzanne ; Bunn, Diane ; Edlin, Helena ; Charlton-Menys, Valentine ; Pemberton, Philip ; Marshall, Tarnya ; Wilson, Paddy ; Lunt, Mark ; Symmons, Deborah ; Bruce, Ian N. ; Bell, Carolyn ; Rowe, Ian F. ; Jayakumar, Keeranur ; Norton, Sam J. ; Dixey, Josh ; Williams, Peter ; Young, Adam ; Kurunadalingam, Hariney ; Parwaiz, Iram ; Kumar, Kanta ; Howlett, Kath ; Hands, Becki ; Raza, Karim ; Pitzalis, Costantino ; Buckley, Chris ; Kelly, Stephen ; Filer, Andrew ; Wheater, Gill ; Hogan, Vanessa E. ; Onno Teng, YK ; Tekstra, Janneke ; Tuck, Stephen P. ; Lafeber, Floris P. ; Huizinga, Tom W. ; Bijlsma, Johannes W. ; Francis, Roger M. ; Datta, Harish K. ; van Laar, Jaap ; Pratt, Arthur G. ; Charles, Peter J. ; Choudhury, Muslima ; Wilson, Gill ; Venables, Patrick J. ; Isaacs, John ; Raza, Karim ; Kumar, Kanta ; Stack, Rebecca ; Kwiatkowska, Brygida ; Rantapaa-Dahlqvist, Solbritt ; Saxne, Tore ; Sidiropoulos, Prodromos ; Kteniadaki, Eleni ; Misirlaki, Chariklia ; Mann, Herman ; Vencovsky, Jiri ; Ciurea, Adrian ; Tamborrini, Giorgio ; Kyburz, Diego ; Bastian, Hans ; Burmester, Gerd R. ; Detert, Jacqueline ; Buckley, Christopher D. ; Sheehy, Claire ; Shipman, Alexa ; Stech, Irina ; Mukhtyar, Chetan ; Atzeni, Fabiola ; Sitia, Simona ; Tomasoni, Livio ; Gianturco, Luigi ; Ricci, Cristian ; Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo ; De Gennaro Colonna, Vito ; Turiel, Maurizio ; Galloway, James ; Low, Audrey ; Mercer, Louise K. ; Dixon, Will ; Ustianowski, Andrew ; Watson, Kath ; Lunt, Mark ; Fisher, Benjamin ; Plant, Darren ; Lundberg, Karin ; Charles, Peter J. ; Barton, Anne ; Venables, Patrick ; Pratt, Arthur G. ; Lorenzi, Alice R. ; Wilson, Gill ; Platt, Philip N. ; Isaacs, John

In: Rheumatology, 2011, vol. 50, p. iii93-iii104

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    Titel
    • Rheumatoid arthritis - clinical aspects
      134. Predictors of Joint Damage in South Africans with Rheumatoid Arthritis
    Autor
    • Ickinger, Claudia. Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology Centre, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    • Musenge, Eustasius. Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology Centre, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    • Tikly, Mohammed. Division of Rheumatology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Epidemiology Centre, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
    • Barnes, Jonathan. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Donnison, C.. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Scott, M.. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Bartholomew, Peter. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Rynne, Martin. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Hamilton, Jennifer. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Saravanan, V.. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Heycock, Carol. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • Kelly, Clive. Rheumatology, QEH Gateshead, Gateshead, United Kingdom
    • de la Torre, Inmaculada. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
    • Moura, Rita A.. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
    • Leandro, Maria. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
    • Edwards, Jonathan. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
    • Cambridge, Geraldine. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
    • de la Torre, Inmaculada. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain
    • Leandro, Maria. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain
    • Edwards, Johnathan. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain
    • Cambridge, Geraldine. Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Gregorio Maranon Hospital, Madrid, Spain
    • Daniels, Louise E.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Gullick, Nicola J.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Rees, Jonathan D.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Kirkham, Bruce W.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Daniels, Louise E.. Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Gullick, Nicola J.. Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Kirkham, Bruce W.. Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Rees, Jonathan. Department of Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Scott, Ian C.. Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, University Hospital of Lewisham, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Johnson, Deborah. Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, University Hospital of Lewisham, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Scott, David L.. Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, University Hospital of Lewisham, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Kingsley, Gabrielle. Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, University Hospital of Lewisham, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Ma, Margaret H.. Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Cope, Andrew P.. Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Scott, David L.. Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Kirkham, Bruce W.. Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
    • Brode, Sven. School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    • Nisar, Muhammad K.. School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    • Östör, Andrew J.. School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Clinical Research Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
    • Gullick, Nicola J.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Oakley, Stephen P.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Rees, Jonathan D.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Jones, Tim. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Mistlin, Alan. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Panayi, Gabriel S.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • Kirkham, Bruce W.. RA Centre, Rheumatology, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; NIHR comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospitals & King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Rheumatology, DMRC Headley Court, Surrey, United Kingdom
    • El Miedany, Yasser. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom
    • Palmer, Deborah. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom
    • Porkodi, Ramanathan. Rheumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
    • Rajendran, Panchapakesa. Rheumatology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, India
    • Waller, Rosemary. Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, United Kingdom
    • Williamson, Lyn. Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, United Kingdom
    • Collins, David. Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, United Kingdom
    • Price, Elizabeth. Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, United Kingdom
    • Juarez, Maria J.. Rheumatology, Great Western Hospital, Swindon, United Kingdom
    • El Miedany, Yasser. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • El Gaafary, Maha. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • Youssef, sally. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • Palmer, Deborah. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • El Miedany, Yasser. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • El Gaafary, Maha. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • Palmer, Deborah. Rheumatology, Darent Valley Hospital, Dartford, United Kingdom; Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
    • Cramp, Fiona. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Hewlett, Sarah. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Almeida, Celia. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Kirwan, John. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Choy, Ernest. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Chalder, Trudie. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Pollock, Jon. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Christensen, Robin. Department of Allied Health Professions, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Academic Rheumatology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom; Section of Rheumatology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; The Parker Institute: Musculoskeletal Statistics Unit (MSU), Copenhagen University Hospital at Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
    • Mirjafari, Hoda. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Verstappen, Suzanne. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Bunn, Diane. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Edlin, Helena. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Charlton-Menys, Valentine. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Pemberton, Philip. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Marshall, Tarnya. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Wilson, Paddy. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Lunt, Mark. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Symmons, Deborah. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Bruce, Ian N.. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich, United Kingdom; Department for Vacular Studies, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom; Cardiovascular Research Group, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Biochemistry Laboratory, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Bell, Carolyn. Rheumatology, Worcestershire Acute NHS Trust, Worcester, United Kingdom
    • Rowe, Ian F.. Rheumatology, Worcestershire Acute NHS Trust, Worcester, United Kingdom
    • Jayakumar, Keeranur. Rheumatology, ERAS, St Albans, United Kingdom; Centre for Lifespan & Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
    • Norton, Sam J.. Rheumatology, ERAS, St Albans, United Kingdom; Centre for Lifespan & Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
    • Dixey, Josh. Rheumatology, ERAS, St Albans, United Kingdom; Centre for Lifespan & Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
    • Williams, Peter. Rheumatology, ERAS, St Albans, United Kingdom; Centre for Lifespan & Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
    • Young, Adam. Rheumatology, ERAS, St Albans, United Kingdom; Centre for Lifespan & Chronic Illness Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
    • Kurunadalingam, Hariney. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Parwaiz, Iram. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Kumar, Kanta. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Howlett, Kath. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Hands, Becki. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Raza, Karim. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Pitzalis, Costantino. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Buckley, Chris. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Kelly, Stephen. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Filer, Andrew. Rheumatology Research Group, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Department, Barts and the Royal London, London, United Kingdom
    • Wheater, Gill. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Hogan, Vanessa E.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Onno Teng, YK. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Tekstra, Janneke. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Tuck, Stephen P.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Lafeber, Floris P.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Huizinga, Tom W.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Bijlsma, Johannes W.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Francis, Roger M.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Datta, Harish K.. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • van Laar, Jaap. Biochemistry, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands; Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Rheumatology, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
    • Pratt, Arthur G.. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
    • Charles, Peter J.. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
    • Choudhury, Muslima. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
    • Wilson, Gill. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
    • Venables, Patrick J.. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
    • Isaacs, John. Institute of Cellular Medicine, Musculoskeletal Research Group, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
    • Raza, Karim. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Kumar, Kanta. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Stack, Rebecca. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Kwiatkowska, Brygida. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Rantapaa-Dahlqvist, Solbritt. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Saxne, Tore. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Sidiropoulos, Prodromos. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Kteniadaki, Eleni. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Misirlaki, Chariklia. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Mann, Herman. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Vencovsky, Jiri. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Ciurea, Adrian. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Tamborrini, Giorgio. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Kyburz, Diego. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Bastian, Hans. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Burmester, Gerd R.. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Detert, Jacqueline. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Buckley, Christopher D.. Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Rheumatology, Institute of Rheumatology, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; University of Crete, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; Institute of Rheumatology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité, Berlin, Germany
    • Sheehy, Claire. Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
    • Shipman, Alexa. Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
    • Stech, Irina. Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
    • Mukhtyar, Chetan. Rheumatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, United Kingdom
    • Atzeni, Fabiola. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Sitia, Simona. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Tomasoni, Livio. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Gianturco, Luigi. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Ricci, Cristian. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • De Gennaro Colonna, Vito. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Turiel, Maurizio. L.Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy; Dep. of Health Technologies, University of Milan, Cardiology Unit, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Milan and Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Unit, IRCSS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Institute of Medical Statistic and Biometry "G.A.M.” Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy; Pharmacology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
    • Galloway, James. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Low, Audrey. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Mercer, Louise K.. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Dixon, Will. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Ustianowski, Andrew. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Watson, Kath. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Lunt, Mark. Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Infectious Diseases, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Fisher, Benjamin. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Plant, Darren. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Lundberg, Karin. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Charles, Peter J.. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Barton, Anne. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Venables, Patrick. Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, London, United Kingdom; Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
    • Pratt, Arthur G.. Institute of Cellular Medicine (Musculoskeletal Research Group), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
    • Lorenzi, Alice R.. Institute of Cellular Medicine (Musculoskeletal Research Group), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
    • Wilson, Gill. Institute of Cellular Medicine (Musculoskeletal Research Group), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
    • Platt, Philip N.. Institute of Cellular Medicine (Musculoskeletal Research Group), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
    • Isaacs, John. Institute of Cellular Medicine (Musculoskeletal Research Group), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Musculoskeletal Unit, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
    Dokumententyp
    • Postprint
    OAI-PMH-ID
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:304930
    Summary
    Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) causes progressive joint damage and functional disability. Studies on factors affecting joint damage as clinical outcome are lacking in Africa. The aim of the present study was to identify predictors of joint damage in adult South Africans with established RA. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 100 black patients with RA of >5 years were assessed for joint damage using a validated clinical method, the RA articular damage (RAAD) score. Potential predictors of joint damage that were documented included socio-demographics, smoking, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, delay in disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) initiation, global disease activity as measured by the disease activity score (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and autoantibody status. The predictive value of variables was assessed by univariate and stepwise multivariate regression analyses. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean (SD) age was 56 (9.8) years, disease duration 17.5 (8.5) years, educational level 7.5 (3.5) years and DMARD lag was 9 (8.8) years. Female to male ratio was 10:1. The mean (SD) DAS28 was 4.9 (1.5) and total RAAD score was 28.3 (12.8). The mean (SD) BMI was 27.2 kg/m2 (6.2) and 93% of patients were rheumatoid factor (RF) positive. More than 90% of patients received between 2 to 3 DMARDs. Significant univariate predictors of a poor RAAD score were increasing age (p = 0.001), lower education level (p = 0.019), longer disease duration (p < 0.001), longer DMARD lag (p = 0.014), lower BMI (p = 0.025), high RF titre (p < 0.001) and high ESR (p = 0.008). The multivariate regression analysis showed that the only independent significant predictors of a higher mean RAAD score were older age at disease onset (p = 0.04), disease duration (p < 0.001) and RF titre (p < 0.001). There was also a negative association between BMI and the mean total RAAD score (p = 0.049). Conclusions: Patients with longstanding established RA have more severe irreversible joint damage as measured by the clinical RAAD score, contrary to other studies in Africa. This is largely reflected by a delay in the initiation of early effective treatment. Independent of disease duration, older age at disease onset and a higher RF titre are strongly associated with more joint damage. The inverse association between BMI and articular damage in RA has been observed in several studies using radiographic damage scores. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical association are still widely unknown but adipokines have recently been suggested to play a role. Disclosure statement: C.I. has received a research grant from the Connective Tissue Diseases Research Fund, University of the Witwatersrand. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest