Pregnancy and reproduction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Østensen, Monika ; Brucato, Antonio ; Carp, Howard ; Chambers, Christina ; Dolhain, Radboud J. E. M. ; Doria, Andrea ; Förger, Frauke ; Gordon, Caroline ; Hahn, Sinuhe ; Khamashta, Munther ; Lockshin, Michael D. ; Matucci-Cerinic, Marco ; Meroni, Pierluigi ; Nelson, J. Lee ; Parke, Ann ; Petri, Michelle ; Raio, Luigi ; Ruiz-Irastorza, Guillermo ; Silva, Clovis A. ; Tincani, Angela ; Villiger, Peter M. ; Wunder, Dorothea ; Cutolo, Maurizio
In: Rheumatology, 2011, vol. 50, no. 4, p. 657-664
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- Pregnancy and reproduction in autoimmune rheumatic diseases
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- Østensen, Monika. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Brucato, Antonio. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Carp, Howard. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Chambers, Christina. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Dolhain, Radboud J. E. M.. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Doria, Andrea. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Förger, Frauke. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Gordon, Caroline. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Hahn, Sinuhe. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Khamashta, Munther. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Lockshin, Michael D.. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Matucci-Cerinic, Marco. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Meroni, Pierluigi. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Nelson, J. Lee. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Parke, Ann. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Petri, Michelle. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Raio, Luigi. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Ruiz-Irastorza, Guillermo. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Silva, Clovis A.. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Tincani, Angela. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Villiger, Peter M.. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Wunder, Dorothea. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Cutolo, Maurizio. Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Ospedale Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA, Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecological Oncology, Women's Hospital/Department of Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland, Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK, Joan and Sanford Weill College of Medicine of Cornell University, Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Villa Monna Tessa, University of Firenze, Firenze, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Immunogenetics, Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, Sr Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Hartford, CT, Division of Rheumatology, Lupus Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Cruces, University of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain, Pediatric Rheumatology Unit of Children's Hospital and Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ospedale Civile and University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland and Research Laboratories and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
- Document Type
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- Postprint
- Language
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- English
- Published in
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- Rheumatology, 2011, vol. 50, no. 4, p. 657-664. Oxford University Press
- Other Version
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- Publisher's version : https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keq350
- Classification
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- Health
- Keywords
- OAI-PMH Identifier
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- oai:doc.rero.ch:298991
- Summary
- Despite evidence for the important role of oestrogens in the aetiology and pathophysiology of chronic immune/inflammatory diseases, the previous view of an unequivocal beneficial effect of oestrogens on RA compared with a detrimental effect on SLE has to be reconsidered. Likewise, the long-held belief that RA remits in the majority of pregnant patients has been challenged, and shows that only half of the patients experience significant improvement when objective disease activity measurements are applied. Pregnancies in patients with SLE are mostly successful when well planned and monitored interdisciplinarily, whereas a small proportion of women with APS still have adverse pregnancy outcomes in spite of the standard treatment. New prospective studies indicate better outcomes for pregnancies in women with rare diseases such as SSc and vasculitis. Fertility problems are not uncommon in patients with rheumatic disease and need to be considered in both genders. Necessary therapy, shortly before or during the pregnancy, demands taking into account the health of both mother and fetus. Long-term effects of drugs on offspring exposed in utero or during lactation is a new area under study as well as late effects of maternal rheumatic disease on children