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Université de Fribourg

The Causal Effects of Competition on Innovation : Experimental Evidence

Aghion, Philippe ; Bechtold, Stefan ; Cassar, Lea ; Herz, Holger

In: The Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 2018, vol. 34, no. 2, p. 162-195

We design two laboratory experiments to analyze the causal effects of competition on step-by-step innovation. Innovations result from costly R&D investments and move technology up one step. Competition is inversely measured by the ex post rents for firms that operate at the same technological level, i.e. for neck-and-neck firms. First, we find that increased competition leads to a significant...

Université de Fribourg

Modularity of the neck in birds (Aves)

Terray, Léa ; Plateau, Olivia ; Abourachid, Anick ; Böhmer, Christine ; Delapré, Arnaud ; la Bernardie, Xavier de ; Cornette, Raphaël

In: Evolutionary Biology, 2020, p. -

The neck connects the head and the trunk and is the key structure allowing all movements of the head. The neck morphology of birds is the most variable among living tetrapods, including significant differences in the number and shape of the cervical vertebrae. Despite these differences, according to the literature, three morphofunctional regions (i.e., modules) have been identified along the...

Université de Fribourg

Feeding biomechanics suggests progressive correlation of skull architecture and neck evolution in turtles

Ferreira, Gabriel S. ; Lautenschlager, Stephan ; Evers, Serjoscha W. ; Pfaff, Cathrin ; Kriwet, Jürgen ; Raselli, Irena ; Werneburg, Ingmar

In: Scientific Reports, 2020, vol. 10, p. 5505

The origin of turtles is one of the most long-lasting debates in evolutionary research. During their evolution, a series of modifications changed their relatively kinetic and anapsid skull into an elongated akinetic structure with a unique pulley system redirecting jaw adductor musculature. These modifications were thought to be strongly correlated to functional adaptations, especially to bite...

Université de Fribourg

Internal lamellar and inverse hexagonal liquid crystalline phases during the digestion of krill and astaxanthin oil-in-water emulsions

Yaghmur, Anan ; Lotfi, Saleh ; Ariabod, Sarah Atoussa ; Bor, Gizem ; Gontsarik, Mark ; Salentinig, Stefan

In: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 2019, vol. 7, p. -

Krill oil represents an important alternative natural source of omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Considering the beneficial health effects of these essential fatty acids, particularly in various disorders including cancer, cardiovascular, and inflammation diseases, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into the digestibility of krill oil. In this work, we study the...

Université de Fribourg

Northern Hemisphere permafrost map based on TTOP modelling for 2000–2016 at 1 km2 scale

Obu, Jaroslav ; Westermann, Sebastian ; Bartsch, Annett ; Berdnikov, Nikolai ; Christiansen, Hanne H. ; Dashtseren, Avirmed ; Delaloye, Reynald ; Elberling, Bo ; Etzelmüller, Bernd ; Kholodov, Alexander ; Khomutov, Artem ; Kääb, Andreas ; Leibman, Marina O. ; Lewkowicz, Antoni G. ; Panda, Santosh K. ; Romanovskyh, Vladimir ; Wayk, Robert G. ; Westergaard-Nielsen, Andreas ; Wu, Tonghua ; Yamkhin, Jambaljav ; Zou, Defu

In: Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, vol. 193, p. 299–316

Permafrost is a key element of the cryosphere and an essential climate variable in the Global Climate Observing System. There is no remote-sensing method available to reliably monitor the permafrost thermal state. To estimate permafrost distribution at a hemispheric scale, we employ an equilibrium state model for the temperature at the top of the permafrost (TTOP model) for the 2000–2016...

Consortium of Swiss Academic Libraries

Long PHILOS plate fixation in a series of humeral fractures

Arumilli, Buchi ; Suhm, Norbert ; Marcel, Jakob ; Rikli, Daniel

In: European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology, 2014, vol. 24, no. 8, p. 1383-1387