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Normal and abnormal carbene complexes derived from thiazole: Preparation and a preliminary investigation of their relative catalytic performance

Stander-Grobler, Elzet ; Schuster, Oliver ; Strasser, Christoph E. ; Albrecht, Martin ; Cronje, Stephanie ; Raubenheimer, Helgard G.

In: Polyhedron, 2011, vol. 30, no. 17, p. 2776-2782

Readily prepared 2-, 4- and 5-bromo-3-methyl thiazolium triflates react by oxidative substitution with M(PPh₃)₄ (M = Ni or Pd) to furnish five of the expected normal and abnormal cationic thiazolylidene complexes (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, and 3b). Carbene complex formation is accompanied by a ca. 40 ppm downfield shift of the α-N carbene carbons in Pd...

Pyridine-derived N-heterocyclic carbenes: an experimental and theoretical evaluation of the bonding in and reactivity of selected normal and abnormal complexes of nickel(II) and palladium(II)

Stander-Grobler, Elzet ; Schuster, Oliver ; Heydenrych, Greta ; Cronje, Stephanie ; Tosh, Evangeline ; Albrecht, Martin ; Frenking, Gernot ; Raubenheimer, Helgard G.

In: Organometallics, 2011, vol. 29, no. 22, p. 5821–5833

We report a thorough investigation of a series of isomeric complexes with the general formula trans-(pyridylidene)M(PPh₃)₂Cl (M = Pd, Ni). For the first time, a systematic comparison of normal, abnormal, and remote bonding modes is presented. X-ray structural and ¹³C NMR data indicate the importance of carbenoid mesomeric contributions in their compound class....

Beyond conventional N-heterocyclic carbenes: abnormal, remote, and other classes of NHC ligands with reduced heteroatom stabilization

Schuster, Oliver ; Yang, Liangru ; Raubenheimer, Helgard G. ; Albrecht, Martin

In: Chemical Review, 2009, vol. 109, no. 8, p. 3445–3478