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Université de Fribourg

Circadian and genetic modulation of visually-guided navigation in Drosophila larvae

Asirim, Ece Z. ; Humberg, Tim-Henning ; Maier, G. Larisa ; Sprecher, Simon G.

In: Scientific Reports, 2020, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 2752

Organisms possess an endogenous molecular clock which enables them to adapt to environmental rhythms and to synchronize their metabolism and behavior accordingly. Circadian rhythms govern daily oscillations in numerous physiological processes, and the underlying molecular components have been extensively described from fruit flies to mammals. Drosophila larvae have relatively simple nervous...

Université de Fribourg

Methyl-branched lipids promote the membrane adsorption of α-synuclein by enhancing shallow lipid-packing defects

Garten, Matthias ; Prévost, Coline ; Cadart, Clotilde ; Gautier, Romain ; Bousset, Luc ; Melki, Ronald ; Bassereau, Patricia ; Vanni, Stefano

In: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2015, vol. 17, no. 24, p. 15589–15597

Alpha-synuclein (AS) is a synaptic protein that is directly involved in Parkinson's disease due to its tendency to form protein aggregates. Since AS aggregation can be dependent on the interactions between the protein and the cell plasma membrane, elucidating the membrane binding properties of AS is of crucial importance to establish the molecular basis of AS aggregation into toxic fibrils....

Université de Fribourg

Life-history evolution and the genetics of fitness components in drosophila melanogaster

Flatt, Thomas

In: Genetics, 2020, vol. 214, no. 1, p. 3–48

Life-history traits or “fitness components”—such as age and size at maturity, fecundity and fertility, age-specific rates of survival, and life span—are the major phenotypic determinants of Darwinian fitness. Analyzing the evolution and genetics of these phenotypic targets of selection is central to our understanding of adaptation. Due to its simple and rapid life cycle, cosmopolitan...

Université de Fribourg

Wolbachia modifies thermal preference in Drosophila melanogaster

Truitt, Amy M. ; Kapun, Martin ; Kaur, Rupinder ; Miller, Wolfgang J.

In: Environmental Microbiology, 2019, vol. 21, no. 9, p. 3259–3268

Environmental variation can have profound and direct effects on fitness, fecundity, and host–symbiont interactions. Replication rates of microbes within arthropod hosts, for example, are correlated with incubation temperature but less is known about the influence of host–symbiont dynamics on environmental preference. Hence, we conducted thermal preference (Tp) assays and tested if...

Université de Fribourg

Distinct genomic signals of lifespan and life history evolution in response to postponed reproduction and larval diet in Drosophila

Hoedjes, Katja M. ; van den Heuvel, Joost ; Kapun, Martin ; Keller, Laurent ; Flatt, Thomas ; Zwaan, Bas J.

In: Evolution Letters, 2019, p. -

Reproduction and diet are two major factors controlling the physiology of aging and life history, but how they interact to affect the evolution of longevity is unknown. Moreover, although studies of large‐effect mutants suggest an important role of nutrient sensing pathways in regulating aging, the genetic basis of evolutionary changes in lifespan remains poorly understood. To address these...

Université de Fribourg

A clinal polymorphism in the insulin signaling transcription factor foxo contributes to life-history adaptation in Drosophila*

Durmaz, Esra ; Rajpurohit, Subhash ; Betancourt, Nicolas ; Fabian, Daniel K. ; Kapun, Martin ; Schmidt, Paul ; Flatt, Thomas

In: Evolution, 2019, vol. 73, no. 9, p. 1774–1792

A fundamental aim of adaptation genomics is to identify polymorphisms that underpin variation in fitness traits. In Drosophila melanogaster, latitudinal life‐history clines exist on multiple continents and make an excellent system for dissecting the genetics of adaptation. We have previously identified numerous clinal single‐nucleotide polymorphism in insulin/insulin‐like growth factor...

Université de Fribourg

Initiated by CREB: resolving gene regulatory programs in learning and memory: switch in cofactors and transcription regulators between memory consolidation and maintenance network

Kaldun, Jenifer C. ; Sprecher, Simon G.

In: BioEssays, 2019, vol. 41, no. 8, p. 1900045

Consolidation of long‐term memory is a highly and precisely regulated multistep process. The transcription regulator cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) plays a key role in initiating memory consolidation. With time processing, first the cofactors are changed and, secondly, CREB gets dispensable. This ultimately changes the expressed gene program to genes required to maintain the...