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Electrical spinal cord stimulation must preserve proprioception to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury

Formento, Emanuele ; Minassian, Karen ; Wagner, Fabien ; Mignardot, Jean Baptiste ; Le Goff-Mignardot, Camille G. ; Rowald, Andreas ; Bloch, Jocelyne ; Micera, Silvestro ; Capogrosso, Marco ; Courtine, Gregoire

In: Nature Neuroscience, 2018, vol. 21, no. 12, p. 1728–1741

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord restores locomotion in animal models of spinal cord injury but is less effective in humans. Here we hypothesized that this interspecies discrepancy is due to interference between EES and proprioceptive information in humans. Computational simulations and preclinical and clinical experiments reveal that EES blocks a significant amount of...

Configuration of electrical spinal cord stimulation through real-time processing of gait kinematics

Capogrosso, Marco ; Wagner, Fabien B. ; Gandar, Jerome ; Moraud, Eduardo Martin ; Wenger, Nikolaus ; Milekovic, Tomislav ; Shkorbatova, Polina ; Pavlova, Natalia ; Musienko, Pavel ; Bezard, Erwan ; Bloch, Jocelyne ; Courtine, Grégoire

In: Nature Protocols, 2018, vol. 13, no. 9, p. 2031–2061

Epidural electrical stimulation (EES) of the spinal cord and real-time processing of gait kinematics are powerful methods for the study of locomotion and the improvement of motor control after injury or in neurological disorders. Here, we describe equipment and surgical procedures that can be used to acquire chronic electromyographic (EMG) recordings from leg muscles and to implant targeted...

Near-surface ventilation as a key for modeling the thermal regime of coarse blocky rock glaciers

Pruessner, Luisa ; Phillips, Marcia ; Farinotti, Daniel ; Hoelzle, Martin ; Lehning, Michael

In: Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 2018, vol. 29, no. 3, p. 152–163

In a changing climate, ice‐rich permafrost features such as rock glaciers will experience drastic changes. Modeling the heat transport through the blocky surface layer with its large interstitial pore spaces poses some challenges as various modes of non‐conductive heat transport—advective forms in particular—can occur. Here, we show that the 1D physics‐based model SNOWPACK can be...

Eliminating the VGlut2-dependent glutamatergic transmission of parvalbumin-expressing neurons leads to deficits in locomotion and vocalization, decreased pain sensitivity, and increased dominance

Roccaro-Waldmeyer, Diana M. ; Girard, Franck ; Milani, Daniele ; Vannoni, Elisabetta ; Prétôt, Laurent ; Wolfer, David P. ; Celio, Marco R.

In: Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 2018, vol. 12, p. -

The calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) is a recognized marker of short-axon GABA-ergic neurons in the cortex and the hippocampus. However in addition, PV is expressed by excitatory, glutamatergic neurons in various areas of the brain and spinal cord. Depending on the location of these neurons, loading of their synaptic vesicles with glutamate is mediated by either of three vesicular...

Automatic adjustment of noninvasive pressure support with abilevel home ventilator in patients with acute respiratory failure: afeasibility study

Battisti, Anne ; Tassaux, Didier ; Bassin, David ; Jolliet, Philippe

In: Intensive Care Medicine, 2007, vol. 33, no. 4, p. 632-638

Desert ants: is active locomotion a prerequisite for path integration?

Seidl, Tobias ; Knaden, Markus ; Wehner, Rüdiger

In: Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 2006, vol. 192, no. 10, p. 1125-1131

Closed-loop control of trunk posture improves locomotion through the regulation of leg proprioceptive feedback after spinal cord injury

Moraud, Eduardo Martin ; Zitzewitz, Joachim von ; Miehlbradt, Jenifer ; Wurth, Sophie ; Formento, Emanuele ; DiGiovanna, Jack ; Capogrosso, Marco ; Courtine, Grégoire ; Micera, Silvestro

In: Scientific Reports, 2018, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 76

After spinal cord injury (SCI), sensory feedback circuits critically contribute to leg motor execution. Compelled by the importance to engage these circuits during gait rehabilitation, assistive robotics and training protocols have primarily focused on guiding leg movements to reinforce sensory feedback. Despite the importance of trunk postural dynamics on gait and balance, trunk assistance...

Preliminary observations on the bone histology of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian archosaur Batrachotomus kupferzellensis reveal fast growth with laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue

Klein, Nicole ; Foth, Christian ; Schoch, Rainer R.

In: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 2017, vol. 37, no. 4, p. e1333121

The bone tissue of femur, rib, and gastralia from three different individuals of the Middle Triassic pseudosuchian Batrachotomus kupferzellensis from southern Germany is studied. The femoral bone tissue comprises laminar fibrolamellar bone tissue throughout and is stratified by three annual growth cycles, indicating that the individual died early in its fourth year of life, at which time it...

Volatile anaesthetics and positive pressure ventilation reduce left atrial performance: a transthoracic echocardiographic study in young healthy adults

Freiermuth, D. ; Skarvan, K. ; Filipovic, M. ; Seeberger, M. D. ; Bolliger, D. ; Absalom, A. R. ; Absalom, A. R.

In: British Journal of Anaesthesia, 2014, vol. 112, no. 6, p. 1032-1041

A Salamander's Flexible Spinal Network for Locomotion, Modeled at Two Levels of Abstraction

Knüsel, Jeremie ; Bicanski, Andrej ; Ryczko, Dimitri ; Cabelguen, Jean-Marie ; Ijspeert, Auke Jan

In: Integrative and Comparative Biology, 2013, vol. 53, no. 2, p. 269-282