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TNF-α suppresses the expression of clock genes by interfering with E-box-mediated transcription

Cavadini, Gionata ; Petrzilka, Saskia ; Kohler, Philipp ; Jud, Corinne ; Tobler, Irene

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, vol. 104, no. 31, p. 12843-12848

Production of TNF-α and IL-1 in infectious and autoimmune diseases is associated with fever, fatigue, and sleep disturbances, which are collectively referred to as sickness behavior syndrome. In mice TNF-α and IL-1 increase nonrapid eye movement sleep. Because clock genes regulate the circadian rhythm and thereby locomotor activity and may alter sleep architecture we assessed the influence of...