In: iScience, 2020, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 100932
Pathogenic bacteria secrete virulence factors that interact with the human host to establish infections. The human immune system evolved multiple mechanisms to fight bacterial invaders, including immune proteases that were demonstrated to contribute crucially to antibacterial defense. Here we show that granzyme B degrades multiple secreted virulence mediators from Listeria monocytogenes,...
|
In: World Neurosurgery, 2020, vol. 137, p. 84–88
Objective: The pterion is an H-shaped suture complex. This study's goal was to determine the location of its external and internal surfaces and extension and emphasize and discuss its surgical importance.Methods: Fifty dried adult human skulls were obtained from the Department of Anatomy. A 2-mm drill bit was placed externally over the pterion, and the pterion was drilled through the bone...
|
In: The Journal of Immunology, 2020, vol. 204, no. 7, p. 1798–1809
Plasmodium spp., the causative agent of malaria, have a complex life cycle. The exponential growth of the parasites during the blood stage is responsible for almost all malaria-associated morbidity and mortality. Therefore, tight immune control of the intraerythrocytic replication of the parasite is essential to prevent clinical malaria. Despite evidence that the particular lymphocyte subset ...
|
In: Pathogens, 2020, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 21
Microglia are the chief immune cells of the brain and have been reported to be activated in severe malaria. Their activation may drive towards neuroinflammation in cerebral malaria. Malaria-infected red blood cell derived-extracellular vesicles (MiREVs) are produced during the blood stage of malaria infection. They mediate intercellular communication and immune regulation, among other...
|
In: Brain Sciences, 2020, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 31
Cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) line the vascular system of the brain and are the chief cells in the formation and function of the blood brain barrier (BBB). These cells are heterogeneous along the cerebral vasculature and any dysfunctional state in these cells can result in a local loss of function of the BBB in any region of the brain. There is currently no report on the...
|
In: Clinical Anatomy, 2020, vol. 33, no. 8, p. 1152-1158
The innervation pattern of the clavicular head of the deltoid muscle and its corresponding topography was investigated via cadaveric dissection in the present study, focusing on the lateral pectoral nerve.Materials and methods: Fifty‐eight upper extremities were dissected and the nerve supplies to the deltoid muscle and the variability of the lateral pectoral and axillary nerves, including...
|
In: Pathogens, 2019, vol. 8, no. 3, p. 111
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is an emerging flavivirus of the Asia-Pacific region. More than two billion people live in endemic or epidemic areas and are at risk of infection. Recently, the first autochthonous human case was recorded in Africa, and infected birds have been found in Europe. JEV may spread even further to other continents. The first section of this review covers...
|
In: Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 4833
The neurotropic Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is responsible for Japanese encephalitis, an uncontrolled inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. Microglia cells are the unique innate immune cell type populating the brain that cross- communicate with neurons via the CX3CR1-CX3CL1 axis. However, microglia may serve as a viral reservoir for JEV. Human microglia are able to transmit...
|
In: Oncotarget, 2017, vol. 8, no. 69, p. 114393–114413
Microglia cells are the unique residential macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They have a special origin, as they derive from the embryonic yolk sac and enter the developing CNS at a very early stage. They play an important role during CNS development and adult homeostasis. They have a major contribution to adult neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Thus, they participate in the...
|
In: JoVE (Journal of Visualized Experiments), 2018, no. 132, p. e57067
Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, with P. falciparum being the most prevalent on the African continent and responsible for most malaria-related deaths globally. Several factors including parasite sequestration in tissues, vascular dysfunction, and inflammatory responses influence the evolution of the disease in malaria-infected people. P. falciparum-infected...
|
