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Université de Fribourg

Global glacier volume projections under high-end climate change scenarios

Shannon, Sarah ; Smith, Robin ; Wiltshire, Andy ; Payne, Tony ; Huss, Matthias ; Betts, Richard ; Caesar, John ; Koutroulis, Aris ; Jones, Darren ; Harrison, Stephan

In: The Cryosphere, 2019, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 325–350

The Paris agreement aims to hold global warming to well below 2 ∘C and to pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 ∘C relative to the pre-industrial period. Recent estimates based on population growth and intended carbon emissions from participant countries suggest global warming may exceed this ambitious target. Here we present glacier volume projections for the end of this century, under a...

Université de Fribourg

Surviving in the BRICS: the struggle of South African business in coping with new partners and investors

Wenzel, Nadine ; Freund, Bill ; Graefe, Olivier

In: International Review of Applied Economics, 2019, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 51–70

The purpose of this paper is to improve our understanding of how South African economic actors react to the gradual entry of non-South African BRICS firms in their established business areas. Throughout the twentieth century, South Africa’s trade and investment activities were conducted overwhelmingly with Western countries. However, the end of apartheid coincided with significant shifts as...

Université de Fribourg

A novel approach to estimate glacier mass balance in the Tien Shan and Pamir based on transient snowline observations

Barandun, Martina ; Huss, Matthias (Dir.)

Thèse de doctorat : Université de Fribourg, 2018 ; no 2099.

Glaciers are recognised as an excellent proxy for climate change and their centennial massloss has accelerated during the past decades. The Central Asian mountain ranges Tien Shan and Pamir host over 25,000 glaciers that have been observed to respond heterogeneous to climate change. Glacier changes in the region have very important consequences on the water availability for the densely populated...

Université de Fribourg

The reproducibility of SfM algorithms to produce detailed Digital Surface Models: the example of PhotoScan applied to a high-alpine rock glacier

Hendrickx, Hanne ; Vivero, Sebastián ; Cock, Laure De ; De Wit, Bart ; De Maeyer, Philippe ; Lambiel, Christophe ; Delaloye, Reynald ; Nyssen, Jan ; Frankl, Amaury

In: Remote Sensing Letters, 2019, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 11–20

In geomorphology, PhotoScan is a software that is used to produce Digital Surface Models (DSMs). It constructs 3D environments from 2D imagery (often taken by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)) based on Structure-from-Motion (SfM) and Multi- View Stereo (MVS) principles. However, unpublished computer-vision algorithms used, contain random elements which can affect the accuracy of the outputs. For...

Université de Fribourg

Nanoparticle administration method in cell culture alters particle-cell interaction

Moore, Thomas L. ; Urban, Dominic A. ; Rodriguez-Lorenzo, Laura ; Milosevic, Ana ; Crippa, Federica ; Spuch-Calvar, Miguel ; Balog, Sandor ; Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara ; Lattuada, Marco ; Petri-Fink, Alke

In: Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 900

As a highly interdisciplinary field, working with nanoparticles in a biomedical context requires a robust understanding of soft matter physics, colloidal behaviors, nano- characterization methods, biology, and bio-nano interactions. When reporting results, it can be easy to overlook simple, seemingly trivial experimental details. In this context, we set out to understand how in vitro...

Université de Fribourg

Nanoparticles and Taylor dispersion as a linear time-invariant system

Lemal, Philipp ; Petri-Fink, Alke ; Balog, Sandor

In: Analytical Chemistry, 2019, vol. 91, no. 2, p. 1217–1221

The physical principles underpinning Taylor dispersion offer a high dynamic range to characterize the hydrodynamic radius of particles. While Taylor dispersion grants the ability to measure radius within nearly 5 orders of magnitude, the detection of particles is never instantaneous. It requires a finite sample volume, a finite detector area, and a finite detection time for measuring...

Université de Fribourg

Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of solids in the extreme ultraviolet at 500 kHz repetition rate

Puppin, M. ; Deng, Y. ; Nicholson, Christopher W. ; Feldl, J. ; Schröter, N. B. M. ; Vita, H. ; Kirchmann, P. S. ; Monney, Claude ; Rettig, L. ; Wolf, M. ; Ernstorfer, R.

In: Review of Scientific Instruments, 2019, vol. 90, no. 2, p. 023104

Time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (trARPES) employing a 500 kHz extreme-ultraviolet light source operating at 21.7 eV probe photon energy is reported. Based on a high-power ytterbium laser, optical parametric chirped pulse amplification, and ultraviolet-driven high-harmonic generation, the light source produces an isolated high-harmonic with 110 meV bandwidth and a flux of...

Université de Fribourg

Litter decomposition driven by soil fauna, plant diversity and soil management in urban gardens

Tresch, Simon ; Frey, David ; Le Bayon, Renée-Claire ; Zanettac, Andrea ; Rasche, Frank ; Fliessbach, Andreas ; Moretti, Marco

In: Science of The Total Environment, 2019, vol. 658, p. 1614–1629

In the face of growing urban densification, green spaces in cities, such as gardens, are increasingly important for biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, the influences of urban green space management on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships is poorly understood. We investigated the relationship between soil fauna and litter decomposition in 170 urban garden sites...

Université de Fribourg

Dopamine transporter (DAT) knockdown in the nucleus accumbens improves anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adult mice

Bahi, Amine ; Dreyer, Jean-Luc

In: Behavioural Brain Research, 2019, vol. 359, p. 104–115

Many epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong comorbidity between anxiety and depression, and a number of experimental studies indicates that the dopamine transporter (DAT) is involved in the pathophysiology of anxiety and depression. However, studies using laboratory animals have yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of...