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Université de Fribourg

A Hierarchical Framework of New Products Development : an Example from Biotechnology

Alexandre, Maria Tereza ; Furrer, Olivier ; Sudharshan, D.

In: European Journal of Innovation Management, 2003, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 48-63

Many new products are based on new technologies, which may in turn be based on new scientific discoveries. The extant literature on new product development has focused on how a firm may successfully commercialize new products. There is a corporate cost associated with new product failure, which extends beyond the final product-manufacturing corporation to all the parties involved in the...

Université de Fribourg

The rise of angiosperms pushed conifers to decline during global cooling

Condamine, Fabien L. ; Silvestro, Daniele ; Koppelhus, Eva B. ; Antonelli, Alexandre

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, vol. 117, no. 46, p. 28867–28875

Competition among species and entire clades can impact species diversification and extinction, which can shape macroevolutionary patterns. The fossil record shows successive biotic turnovers such that a dominant group is replaced by another. One striking example involves the decline of gymnosperms and the rapid diversification and ecological dominance of angiosperms in the Cretaceous. It is...

Université de Fribourg

The past and future human impact on mammalian diversity

Andermann, Tobias ; Faurby, Søren ; Turvey, Samuel T. ; Antonelli, Alexandre ; Silvestro, Daniele

In: Science Advances, 2020, vol. 6, no. 36, p. eabb2313

To understand the current biodiversity crisis, it is crucial to determine how humans have affected biodiversity in the past. However, the extent of human involvement in species extinctions from the Late Pleistocene onward remains contentious. Here, we apply Bayesian models to the fossil record to estimate how mammalian extinction rates have changed over the past 126,000 years, inferring...

Université de Fribourg

Environmental enrichment decreases chronic psychosocial stress-impaired extinction and reinstatement of ethanol conditioned place preference in C57BL/6 male mice

Bahi, Amine ; Dreyer, Jean-Luc

In: Psychopharmacology, 2019, p. -

During the last few decades, alcohol use disorders (AUD) have reached an epidemic prevalence, yet social influences on alcoholism have not been fully addressed. Several factors can modulate alcohol intake. On one hand, stress can reinforce ethanol-induced behaviors and be an important component in AUD and alcoholism. On the other hand, environmental enrichment (EE) has a neuroprotective role...

Université de Fribourg

A new alligatoroid from the Eocene of Vietnam highlights an extinct Asian clade independent from extant Alligator sinensis

Massonne, Tobias ; Vasilyan, Davit ; Rabi, Márton ; Böhme, Madelaine

In: PeerJ, 2019, vol. 7, p. e7562

During systematic paleontological surveys in the Na Duong Basin in North Vietnam between 2009 and 2012, well-preserved fossilized cranial and postcranial remains belonging to at least 29 individuals of a middle to late Eocene (late Bartonian to Priabonian age (39–35 Ma)) alligatoroid were collected. Comparative anatomical study of the material warrants the diagnosis of a new taxon,...

Université de Fribourg

Ancient mitogenomics clarifies radiation of extinct Mascarene giant tortoises ( Cylindraspis spp.)

Kehlmaier, Christian ; Graciá, Eva ; Campbell, Patrick D. ; Hofmeyr, Margaretha D. ; Schweiger, Silke ; Martínez-Silvestre, Albert ; Joyce, Walter G. ; Fritz, Uwe

In: Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 1-7

The five extinct giant tortoises of the genus Cylindraspis belong to the most iconic species of the enigmatic fauna of the Mascarene Islands that went largely extinct after the discovery of the islands. To resolve the phylogeny and biogeography of Cylindraspis, we analysed a data set of 45 mitogenomes that includes all lineages of extant tortoises and eight near-complete sequences of all...

Université de Fribourg

On trends and patterns in macroevolution: Williston’s law and the branchiostegal series of extant and extinct osteichthyans

Ascarrunz, Eduardo ; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. ; Betancur, Ricardo ; Laurin, Michel

In: BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2019, vol. 19, no. 1, p. 117

The branchiostegal series consists of an alignment of bony elements in the posterior portion of the skull of osteichthyan vertebrates. We trace the evolution of the number of elements in a comprehensive survey that includes 440 extant and 66 extinct species. Using a newly updated actinopterygian tree in combination with phylogenetic comparative analyses, we test whether osteichthyan...