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    Université de Fribourg

    Dopamine responses comply with basic assumptions of formal learning theory

    Waelti, Pascale ; Dickinson, Anthony ; Schultz, Wolfram

    In: Nature, 2001, vol. 412, p. 43-48

    According to contemporary learning theories, the discrepancy, or error, between the actual and predicted reward determines whether learning occurs when a stimulus is paired with a reward. The role of prediction errors is directly demonstrated by the observation that learning is blocked when the stimulus is paired with a fully predicted reward. By using this blocking procedure, we show that the...