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Cleaner fish cause predators to reduce aggression toward bystanders at cleaning stations

Cheney, Karen L. ; Bshary, Redouan ; Grutter, Alexandra S.

In: Behavioral Ecology, 2008, vol. 19, no. 5, p. 1063-1067

Cleaner fish cause predators to reduce aggression toward bystanders at cleaning stations

Cheney, Karen L. ; Bshary, Redouan ; Grutter, Alexandra S.

In: Behavioral Ecology, 2008, vol. 19, no. 5, p. 1063-1067

Mutualisms, in which both participants gain a net benefit, are ubiquitous in all ecosystems, and the importance of understanding their broader ecological context has been demonstrated many times. Indirect effects of mutualisms may have important implications for surrounding ecosystems through changes in density, species composition, or behavior; however, the latter has been difficult to quantify....