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Università della Svizzera italiana

Thioredoxin-related transmembrane proteins : TMX1 and little brothers TMX2, TMX3, TMX4 and TMX5

Guerra, Concetta ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: Cells, 2020, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 11 p

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is site of synthesis and maturation of membrane and secretory proteins in eukaryotic cells. The ER contains more than 20 members of the Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) family. These enzymes regulate formation, isomerization and disassembly of covalent bonds between cysteine residues. As such, PDIs ensure protein folding, which is required to attain functional...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Proteasomal and lysosomal clearance of faulty secretory proteins : ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD) pathways

Fregno, Ilaria ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology, 2019, vol. 54, no. 2, p. 153-163

About 40% of the eukaryotic cell’s proteins are inserted co- or post-translationally in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they attain the native structure under the assistance of resident molecular chaperones and folding enzymes. Subsequently, these proteins are secreted from cells or are transported to their sites of function at the plasma membrane or in organelles of the secretory and ...

Università della Svizzera italiana

ESCRT-III-driven piecemeal micro-ER-phagy remodels the ER during recovery from ER stress

Loi, Marisa ; Raimondi, Andrea ; Morone, Diego ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: Nature communications, 2019, vol. 10, p. 5058

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produces about 40% of the nucleated cell’s proteome. ER size and content in molecular chaperones increase upon physiologic and pathologic stresses on activation of unfolded protein responses (UPR). On stress resolution, the mammalian ER is remodeled to pre-stress, physiologic size and function on activation of the LC3-binding activity of the translocon...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Schwann cells ER-associated degradation contributes to myelin maintenance in adult nerves and limits demyelination in CMT1B mice

Volpi, Vera G. ; Ferri, Cinzia ; Fregno, Ilaria ; Del Carro, Ubaldo ; Bianchi, Francesca ; Scapin, Cristina ; Pettinato, Emanuela ; Solda, Tatiana ; Feltri, M. Laura ; Molinari, Maurizio ; Wrabetz, Lawrence ; D’Antonio, Maurizio

In: PLOS genetics, 2019, vol. 15, no. 4, p. e1008069

In the peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelinating Schwann cells synthesize large amounts of myelin protein zero (P0) glycoprotein, an abundant component of peripheral nerve myelin. In humans, mutations in P0 cause the demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT1B) neuropathy, one of the most diffused genetic disorders of the PNS. We previously showed that several mutations, such as the...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Quality control mechanisms of protein biogenesis : proteostasis dies hard

Bergmann, Timothy Jan ; Brambilla Pisoni, Giorgia ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: AIMS biophysics, 2016, vol. 3, no. 4, p. 456-478

The biosynthesis of proteins entails a complex series of chemical reactions that transform the information stored in the nucleic acid sequence into a polypeptide chain that needs to properly fold and reach its functional location in or outside the cell. It is of no surprise that errors might occur that alter the polypeptide sequence leading to a non-functional proteins or that impede delivery...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Post ER quality control : a role for UDP-glucose : glycoprotein glucosyl transferase and p97

Fregno, Ilaria ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: Journal of rare diseases research & treatment, 2016, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 40-42

Human proteinopathies are diseases caused by the expression of defective gene products. In some cases, these diseases involve the degradation of mutant but otherwise functional proteins by the quality control system of the secretory pathway. Our recent study identified two proteins that play a role in post-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control and are potential targets for therapeutic ...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Proteostasis : bad news and good news from the endoplasmic reticulum

Noack, Julia ; Brambilla Pisoni, Giorgia ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: Swiss medical weekly, 2014, vol. 144, p. w14001

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular compartment dedicated to the synthesis and maturation of secretory and membrane proteins, totalling about 30% of the total eukaryotic cells proteome. The capacity to produce correctly folded polypeptides and to transport them to their correct intra- or extracellular destinations relies on proteostasis networks that regulate and balance the...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Endoplasmic reticulum turnover : ER-phagy and other flavors in selective and non-selective ER clearance

Fregno, Ilaria ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: F1000Research, 2018, vol. 7, p. 454

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a highly dynamic organelle in eukaryotic cells. It is deputed to lipid and protein biosynthesis, calcium storage, and the detoxification of various exogenous and endogenous harmful compounds. ER activity and size must be adapted rapidly to environmental and developmental conditions or biosynthetic demand. This is achieved on induction of thoroughly studied...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Unconventional use of LC3 by coronaviruses through the alleged subversion of the ERAD tuning pathway

Reggiori, Fulvio ; De Haan, Cornelis A.M. ; Molinari, Maurizio

In: Viruses, 2011, vol. 3, no. 9, p. 1610-1623

Pathogens of bacterial and viral origin hijack pathways operating in eukaryotic cells in many ways in order to gain access into the host, to establish themselves and to eventually produce their progeny. The detailed molecular characterization of the subversion mechanisms devised by pathogens to infect host cells is crucial to generate targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we review recent...

Università della Svizzera italiana

Chronic delivery of antibody fragments using immunoisolated cell implants as a passive vaccination tool

Belaunzaran, Osiris Marroquin ; Cordero, Maria Isabel ; Setola, Veronica ; Bianchi, Siro ; Galli, Carmela ; Bouche, Nicolas ; Mlynarik, Vladimir ; Gruetter, Rolf ; Sandi, Carmen ; Bensadoun, Jean-Charles ; Molinari, Maurizio ; Aebischer, Patrick

In: Plos one, 2011, vol. 6, no. 4, p. e18268

Background: Monoclonal antibodies and antibody fragments are powerful biotherapeutics for various debilitating diseases. However, high production costs, functional limitations such as inadequate pharmacokinetics and tissue accessibility are the current principal disadvantages for broadening their use in clinic. Methodology and Principal Findings: We report a novel method for the long-term ...