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Université de Fribourg

Assessing the ecological risk posed by a recently established invasive alien predator: Harmonia axyridis as a case study

Kenis, Marc ; Adriaens, Tim ; Brown, Peter M. J. ; Katsanis, Angelos ; Martin, Gilles San ; Branquart, Etienne ; Maes, Dirk ; Eschen, René ; Zindel, Renate ; Vlaenderen, Johan Van ; Babendreier, Dirk ; Roy, Helen E. ; Hautier, Louis ; Poland, Remy L.

In: BioControl, 2017, vol. 62, no. 3, p. 341–354

Invasive alien predators are a serious threat to biodiversity worldwide. However, there is no generic method for assessing which local species are most at risk following the invasion of a new predator. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is an alien in Europe and many other parts of the world where it affects other species of ladybirds through...

Université de Fribourg

Crossing Frontiers in Tackling Pathways of Biological Invasions

Essl, Franz ; Bacher, Sven ; Blackburn, Tim M. ; Booy, Olaf ; Brundu, Giuseppe ; Brunel, Sarah ; Cardoso, Ana-Cristina ; Eschen, René ; Gallardo, Belinda ; Galil, Bella ; García-Berthou, Emili ; Genovesi, Piero ; Groom, Quentin ; Harrower, Colin ; Hulme, Philip E. ; Katsanevakis, Stelios ; Kenis, Marc ; Kühn, Ingolf ; Kumschick, Sabrina ; Martinou, Angeliki F. ; Nentwig, Wolfgang ; O'Flynn, Colette ; Pagad, Shyama ; Pergl, Jan ; Pyšek, Petr ; Rabitsch, Wolfgang ; Richardson, David M. ; Roques, Alain ; Roy, Helen E. ; Scalera, Riccardo ; Schindler, Stefan ; Seebens, Hanno ; Vanderhoeven, Sonia ; Vilà, Montserrat ; Wilson, John R. U.

In: BioScience, 2015, vol. 65, no. 8, p. 769–782

Substantial progress has been made in understanding how pathways underlie and mediate biological invasions. However, key features of their role in invasions remain poorly understood, available knowledge is widely scattered, and major frontiers in research and management are insufficiently characterized. We review the state of the art, highlight recent advances, identify pitfalls and constraints,...

Université de Fribourg

Plant interspecific differences in arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization as a result of soil carbon addition

Eschen, René ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Schaffner, Urs

In: Mycorrhiza, 2012, p. -

Soil nutrient availability and colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are important and potentially interacting factors shaping vegetation composition and succession. We investigated the effect of carbon (C) addition, aimed at reducing soil nutrient availability, on arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. Seedlings of 27 plant species with different sets of life-history traits (functional...

Université de Fribourg

Invasive alien predator causes rapid declines of native European ladybirds

Roy, Helen E. ; Adriaens, Tim ; Isaac, Nick J. B. ; Kenis, Marc ; Onkelinx, Thierry ; Martin, Gilles San ; Brown, Peter M. J. ; Hautier, Louis ; Poland, Remy ; Roy, David B. ; Comont, Richard ; Eschen, René ; Frost, Robert ; Zindel, Renate ; Vlaenderen, Johan Van ; Nedvěd, Oldrich ; Ravn, Hans Peter ; Grégoire, Jean Claude ; Biseau, Jean Christophe de ; Maes, Dirk

In: Diversity and Distributions, 2012, p. -

Aim Invasive alien species (IAS) are recognized as major drivers of biodiversity loss, but few causal relationships between IAS and species declines have been documented. In this study, we compare the distribution (Belgium and Britain) and abundance (Belgium, Britain and Switzerland) of formerly common and widespread native ladybirds before and after the arrival of Harmonia axyridis, a...

Université de Fribourg

Aboveground environment type, soil nutrient content and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi explain establishment success of Centaurea jacea on ex-arable land and in late-successional grasslands

Eschen, René ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Schaffner, Urs

In: Plant and Soil, 2009, vol. 322, no. 1-2, p. 115-123

We studied the relative importance of the aboveground and belowground environment for survival and growth of emerged seedlings of Centaurea jacea to better understand the general difficulty of establishing late-successional species at restoration sites on ex-arable land. Potted seedlings growing on soil from six late-successional grasslands and from six ex-arable (restoration) sites were...

Université de Fribourg

Carbon addition alters vegetation composition on ex-arable fields

Eschen, René ; Mortimer, Simon R. ; Lawson, Clare S. ; Edwards, Andrew R. ; Brook, Alex J. ; Igual, José M. ; Hedlund, Katarina ; Schaffner, Urs

In: Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, vol. 44, no. 1, p. 95–104

1. Recent changes in European agricultural policy have led to measures to reverse the loss of species-rich grasslands through the creation of new areas on ex-arable land. Ex-arable soils are often characterized by high inorganic nitrogen (N) levels, which lead to the rapid establishment of annual and fast-growing perennial species during the initial phase of habitat creation. The addition...

Université de Fribourg

Soil carbon addition affects plant growth in a species-specific way

Eschen, René ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Schaffner, Urs

In: Journal of Applied Ecology, 2006, vol. 43, no. 1, p. 35-42

1. Restoration of ex-arable land to species-rich habitats has become common practice in Europe as a result of Agri-Environment Regulations. The results, however, are highly variable and often disappointing. Competition from weedy species as a result of high soil inorganic nitrogen levels can negatively affect the establishment and growth of desirable grassland plant species. One method...