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Does the support of innovative clusters sustainably foster R&D activity? Evidence from the German BioRegio and BioProfile contests

Engel, Dirk ; Mitze, Timo ; Patuelli, Roberto ; Reinkowski, Janina

In this paper, we evaluate the R&D enhancing effects of two large public grant schemes aiming at encouraging the performance of firms organized in clusters. These are Germany's well known BioRegio and BioProle contests for which we compare the research performance of winning regions in contrast with non-winning and non-participating comparison regions. We apply Difference-in-Difference...