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Université de Fribourg

Scientists’ warning on invasive alien species

Pyšek, Petr ; Hulme, Philip E. ; Simberloff, Dan ; Bacher, Sven ; Blackburn, Tim M. ; Carlton, James T. ; Dawson, Wayne ; Essl, Franz ; Foxcroft, Llewellyn C. ; Genovesi, Piero ; Jeschke, Jonathan M. ; Kühn, Ingolf ; Liebhold, Andrew M. ; Mandrak, Nicholas E. ; Meyerson, Laura A. ; Pauchard, Aníbal ; Pergl, Jan ; Roy, Helen E. ; Seebens, Hanno ; Kleunen, Mark ; Vilà, Montserrat ; Wingfield, Michael J. ; Richardson, David M.

In: Biological Reviews, 2020, p. brv.12627

Biological invasions are a global consequence of an increasingly connected world and the rise in human population size. The numbers of invasive alien species – the subset of alien species that spread widely in areas where they are not native, affecting the environment or human livelihoods – are increasing. Synergies with other global changes are exacerbating current invasions and...

Université de Fribourg

Independent introductions of hedgehogs to the North and South Island of New Zealand

Pipek, Pavel ; Pyšek, Petr ; Bacher, Sven ; Bolfíková, Barbora Černá ; Hulme, Philip E.

In: New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 2020, vol. 44, no. 1, p. -

According to the most recent (2005) compendium on the history of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in New Zealand, this small insectivorous mammal was first brought from Europe to the South Island in the 19th century. This introduction has been presumed to be the source of hedgehogs that subsequently spread to the North Island. This view was informed by the absence of hedgehogs in...

Université de Fribourg

Functional similarity and dissimilarity facilitate alien plant invasiveness along biotic and abiotic gradients in an arid protected area

El-Barougy, Reham F. ; Elgamal, Ibrahim ; Rohr, Rudolf P. ; Probert, Anna F. ; Khedr, Abdel-Hamid A. ; Bacher, Sven

In: Biological Invasions, 2020, vol. 22, no. 6, p. 1997–2016

Two contradictory hypotheses have been put forth to forecast alien invasiveness: being either functionally similar, or dissimilar, to resident natives along environmental gradients. The ‘try-harder’ hypothesis predicts that alien plants will be functionally dissimilar to natives and should thus exhibit exaggerated trait values when compared to natives in respect to resource extraction or...

Université de Fribourg

Co-formulation of Beauveria bassiana with natural substances to control pollen beetles – Synergy between fungal spores and colza oil

Kaiser, Deborah ; Handschin, Stephan ; Rohr, Rudolf P. ; Bacher, Sven ; Grabenweger, Giselher

In: Biological Control, 2020, vol. 140, p. 104106

Pollen beetles (Brassicogethes spp.) are a major pest in colza (Brassica napus L., also known as oilseed rape) and show increasing resistance to commonly used insecticides. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) such as Beauveria bassiana have potential as a sustainable alternative means of control. However, field applications of fungal spores targeting the immigrated beetles on the crop have not been...

Université de Fribourg

A conceptual framework for range-expanding species that track human-induced environmental change

Essl, Franz ; Dullinger, Stefan ; Genovesi, Piero ; Hulme, Philip E ; Jeschke, Jonathan M ; Katsanevakis, Stelios ; Kühn, Ingolf ; Lenzner, Bernd ; Pauchard, Aníbal ; Pyšek, Petr ; Rabitsch, Wolfgang ; Richardson, David M ; Seebens, Hanno ; van Kleunen, Mark ; van der Putten, Wim H ; Vilà, Montserrat ; Bacher, Sven

In: BioScience, 2019, vol. 69, no. 11, p. 908–919

For many species, human-induced environmental changes are important indirect drivers of range expansion into new regions. We argue that it is important to distinguish the range dynamics of such species from those that occur without, or with less clear, involvement of human-induced environmental changes. We elucidate the salient features of the rapid increase in the number of species whose...

Université de Fribourg

InvasiBES: Understanding and managing the impacts of Invasive alien species on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

Gallardo, Belinda ; Bacher, Sven ; Bradley, Bethany ; Comín, Francisco A. ; Gallien, Laure ; Jeschke, Jonathan M. ; Sorte, Cascade J. B. ; Vilà, Montserrat

In: NeoBiota, 2019, vol. 50, p. 109–122

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are amongst the most significant drivers of species extinction and ecosystem degradation, causing negative impacts on ecosystem services and human well-being. InvasiBES, a project funded by BiodivERsA-Belmont Forum for 2019–2021, will use data and models across scales, habitats and species to understand and anticipate the multi-faceted impacts of IAS and to...

Université de Fribourg

Reduced caterpillar damage can benefit plant bugs in Bt cotton

Eisenring, Michael ; Naranjo, Steven E. ; Bacher, Sven ; Abbott, Angelique ; Meissle, Michael ; Romeis, Jörg

In: Scientific Reports, 2019, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 2727

Bt cotton was genetically modified to produce insecticidal proteins targeting Lepidopteran pests and is therefore only minimally affected by caterpillar damage. This could lead to reduced levels of inherent, systemically inducible defensive compounds in Bt cotton which might benefit other important cotton herbivores such as plant bugs. We studied the effects of plant defense induction on the...

Université de Fribourg

Efficiency of natural substances to protect Beauveria bassiana conidia from UV radiation

Kaiser, Deborah ; Bacher, Sven ; Mène‐Saffrané, Laurent ; Grabenweger, Giselher

In: Pest Management Science, 2019, vol. 75, no. 2, p. 556–563

Solar radiation is assumed to be a major factor limiting the efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi used as biocontrol agents in open field applications. We evaluated 12 natural UV‐protective co‐formulants for their effect on the survival of UV‐ exposed Beauveria bassiana spores on agar plates, colza leaf discs and in the field.RESULTS: Colony‐forming unit (CFU) counts of unformulated...

Université de Fribourg

Which taxa are alien? Criteria, applications, and uncertainties

Essl, Franz ; Bacher, Sven ; Genovesi, Piero ; Hulme, Philip E. ; Jeschke, Jonathan M. ; Katsanevakis, Stelios ; Kowarik, Ingo ; Kühn, Ingolf ; Pyšek, Petr ; Rabitsch, Wolfgang ; Schindler, Stefan ; Kleunen, Mark van ; Vilà, Montserrat ; Wilson, John R. U. ; Richardson, David M.

In: BioScience, 2018, vol. 68, no. 7, p. 496–509

Human activities such as the transport of species to new regions and modifications of the environment are increasingly reshaping the distribution of biota. Accordingly, developing robust, repeatable, and consistent definitions of alien species that serve scientific and policy purposes has become of prime importance. We provide a set of classification criteria that are widely applicable across...