Gygax et al. (2008) showed that readers form a mental representation of gender that is based on grammatical gender in French and German (i.e., masculine supposedly interpretable as a generic form), but based on stereotypical information in English. In the present study, a modification of their stimulus material was used to examine the additional potential influence of pronouns. Across the three...
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L’efficacité des messages de prévention dans le domaine de la santé n’est pas aussi bonne qu’on aurait pu espérer (Rothman et Salovey, 1997). La présente étude tente d’apporter de nouvelles indications quant à la formulation de ces messages. En effet, cette étude vise à tester l’effet de la formulation des messages de prévention de la santé sur le temps de lecture de ces...
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This study aims to evaluate people’s gender representation of role names across three different languages, English, French and German. In order to provide norms for role names to be further used in research on gender stereotyping, 362 participants filled in a questionnaire about their estimates of the proportion of men and women in different roles. Role names are any names that incorporate...
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Gygax, Oakhill and Garnham (2003) showed that, contrary to the assumption of earlier research (e.g. Gernsbacher, Goldsmith, & Robertson, 1992), readers do not infer specific emotions such as guilt or boredom. This paper presents evidence for the non-specificity of emotional inferences regardless of the nature of the stories. In Experiment 1 and 2, Gygax et al.’s stories were made longer. In...
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Si certaines et certains jugent parfois ces mesures désagréables, la féminisation du langage répond à un besoin, celui de rendre justice aux femmes en reconnaissant leur place dans la société.
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This paper argues that emotional inferences about characters in a text are not as specific as previously assumed (Gernsbacher et al., 1992; Gernsbacher and Robertson, 1992; Gernsbacher et al., 1998; DeVega et al., 1996; DeVega et al., 1997). The emotional information inferred by readers does not differentiate between emotions that are similar, though not identical. In both Experiments 1 and 2,...
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Dans notre étude, nous avons testé l’idée, avancée par l’Académie française (2002), que la féminisation du langage alourdissait le texte. Pour cela, nous avons fait lire à 40 étudiantes et étudiants cinq descriptions de différentes professions. Pour chacune de ces professions, quatre descriptions différentes ont été rédigées: une version avec la profession au masculin, une...
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Le présent rapport scientifique circonstancié sur la pertinence des messages de prévention du tabagisme a été commandé et financé par le Fonds de Prévention du Tabagisme (décision no 06.003409). Le groupe de recherche de Psycholinguistique du département de Psychologie de l’Université de Fribourg travaille essentiellement sur la compréhension de texte, plus spécifiquement sur...
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This paper provides an explanation for the non-specificity of emotion inferences found in previous research (e.g., Gygax, Garnham & Oakhill, 2004). We first demonstrate that behavioral components of emotions, as opposed to emotions per se, are better markers of readers’ mental representations of the main character’s affective status. We also suggest that in a self-paced reading paradigm, when...
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The influence of stereotype and grammatical information (masculine intended as generic) on the representation of gender in language was investigated using a sentence evaluation paradigm. The first sentence introduced a role name (e. g. The spies came out…) and the second sentence contained explicit information about the gender of one or more of the characters (e. g. …one of the women…). The...
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