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Université de Fribourg

Scale-dependent effects of land use on plant species richness of mountain grassland in the European Alps

Spiegelberger, Thomas ; Matthies, Diethart ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Schaffner, Urs

In: Ecography, 2006, vol. Volume 29, p. 541-548

Traditionally managed mountain grasslands in the Alps are species-rich ecosystems that developed during centuries of livestock grazing. However, changes in land use including fertilisation of well accessible pastures and gradual abandonment of remote sites are increasingly threatening this diversity. In five regions of the Swiss and French Alps we assessed the relationship between land use, soil...

Université de Fribourg

Contributions of pitch and bandwidth to sound-induced enhancement of visual cortex excitability in humans

Spierer, Lucas ; Manuel, Aurelie L. ; Bueti, Domenica ; Murray, Micah M.

In: Cortex, 2014, vol. 49, no. 10, p. 2728–2734

Multisensory interactions have been documented within low-level, even primary, cortices and at early post-stimulus latencies. These effects are in turn linked to behavioral and perceptual modulations. In humans, visual cortex excitability, as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) induced phosphenes, can be reliably enhanced by the co-presentation of sounds. This enhancement occurs...

Université de Fribourg

Philon de Byzance et les fortifications paléochrétiennes

Spieser, Jean-Michel

In: La fortification dans l'histoire du monde grec, 1986, p. 363-368

L'article montre, à travers des particularités du rempart paléochrétien de Thessalonique, que les principes de poliorcétique appliqués dans l'Antiquité tardive ou, si l'on préfère, dans la période paléochrétienne, sont toujours ceux que l'on peut trouver dans le traité de Philon de Byzance

Université de Fribourg

Simultaneous Golgi-Cox and immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy

Spiga, Saturnino ; Acquas, Elio ; Puddu, Maria C. ; Mulas, Giovanna ; Lintas, Alessandra ; Diana, Marco

In: Brain Structure and Function, 2011, p. -

Visualization of neuronal elements is of fundamental importance in modern neuroscience. Golgi-Cox impregnation is a widely employed method that provides detailed information about morphological characteristics of neurons, but none regarding their neurochemical features. Immunocytochemical procedures, on the other hand, can provide a high degree of biochemical specificity but poorer morphological...

Université de Fribourg

Performance of a Ge-microstrip imaging detector and polarimeter

Spillmann, U. ; Bräuning, H. ; Hess, S. ; Beyer, H. ; Stöhlker, Th. ; Dousse, Jean-Claude ; Protic, D. ; Krings, T.

In: Review of Scientific Instruments, 2008, vol. 79, no. 2, p. 083101

Using 98% linearly polarized radiation at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility in Grenoble, the performance of a prototype two-dimensional microstrip Ge(i) detector for x-ray imaging and as a Compton polarimeter has been evaluated. Using the energy and position sensitivity of the detector, the ability to obtain a complete reconstruction of the Compton event has been demonstrated. The...

Université de Fribourg

TLR7-based cancer immunotherapy decreases intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells and blocks their immunosuppressive function

Spinetti, Thibaud ; Spagnuolo, Lorenzo ; Mottas, Inès ; Secondini, Chiara ; Treinies, Marina ; Rüegg, Curzio ; Hotz, Christian ; Bourquin, Carole

In: OncoImmunology, 2016, vol. 5, no. 11, p. e1230578

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells with the capacity to inhibit immunological responses. During cancer progression, MDSC are recruited to the tumor sites and secondary lymphoid organs, leading to the suppression of the antitumor function of NK and T cells. Here, we show that the TLR7/8 agonist resiquimod (R848) has a direct effect...

Université de Fribourg

Polyethylenimine is a strong inhibitor of human papillomavirus and cytomegalovirus infection

Spoden, Gilles A. ; Besold, Katrin ; Krauter, Steffi ; Plachter, Bodo ; Hanik, Nils ; Kilbinger, Andreas F. M. ; Lambert, Carsten ; Florin, Luise

In: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 2012, vol. 56, no. 15, p. 75-82

Polyethylenimines are cationic polymers with potential as delivery vectors in gene therapy and with proven antimicrobial activity. However, the antiviral activity of polyethylenimines has not been addressed in detail thus far. We have studied the inhibitory effects of a linear 25-kDa polyethylenimine on infections with human papillomaviruses and human cytomegaloviruses. Preincubation of cells...

Université de Fribourg

NPR1 modulates cross-talk between salicylate- and jasmonate-dependent defense pathways through a novel function in the cytosol

Spoel, Steven H. ; Koornneef, Annemart ; Claessens, Susanne M. C. ; Korzelius, Jerôme P. ; Pelt, Johan A. van ; Mueller, Martin J. ; Buchala, Antony J. ; Métraux, Jean-Pierre ; Brown, Rebecca ; Kazan, Kemal ; Loon, L. C. van ; Dong, Xinnian ; Pieterse, Corné M. J.

In: The Plant Cell, 2003, vol. 15, p. 760

Plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating signal transduction pathways in which salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play key roles. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the antagonistic effect of SA on JA signaling. Arabidopsis plants unable to accumulate SA produced 25-fold higher levels of JA and showed enhanced...