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Université de Fribourg

Body composition-derived BMI cut-offs for overweight and obesity in ethnic Indian and Creole urban children of Mauritius

Ramuth, Harris ; Hunma, Sadhna ; Ramessur, Vinaysing ; Ramuth, Magalutcheemee ; Monnard, Cathriona ; Montani, Jean-Pierre ; Schutz, Yves ; Joonas, Noorjehan ; Dulloo, Abdul G.

In: British Journal of Nutrition, 2020, vol. 124, no. 5, p. 481–492

It is increasingly recognised that the use of BMI cut-off points for diagnosing obesity (OB) and proxy measures for body fatness in a given population needs to take into account the potential impact of ethnicity on the BMI–fat % relationship in order to avoid adiposity status misclassification. This relationship was studied here in 377 Mauritian schoolchildren (200 boys and 177 girls, aged...

Université de Fribourg

How dieting might make some fatter: modeling weight cycling toward obesity from a perspective of body composition autoregulation

Jacquet, Philippe ; Schutz, Yves ; Montani, Jean-Pierre ; Dulloo, Abdul G.

In: International Journal of Obesity, 2020, vol. 44, p. 1243-1253

The notion that dieting makes some people fatter has in the past decade gained considerable interest from both epidemiological predictions and biological plausibility. Several large-scale prospective studies have suggested that dieting to lose weight is associated with future weight gain and obesity, with such predictions being stronger and more consistent among dieters who are in the normal...

Université de Fribourg

Total energy expenditure assessed by doubly labeled water technique and estimates of physical activity in Mauritian children: analysis by gender and ethnicity

Ramuth, Harris ; Schutz, Yves ; Calonne, Julie ; Joonas, Noorjehan ; Dulloo, Abdul G.

In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2020, vol. 74, no. 3, p. 445–453

In the tropical island of Mauritius, the rise in obesity has accelerated in the past decades, and could be contributed by low physical activity and increased sedentary behavior. The study objectives were to generate the first dataset of total energy expenditure (TEE), to estimate physical activity in Mauritian children, and to explore differences due to gender and ethnicity.Subjects/methods:...

Université de Fribourg

Low 24-hour core body temperature as a thrifty metabolic trait driving catch-up fat during weight regain after caloric restriction

Calonne, Julie ; Arsenijevic, Denis ; Scerri, Isabelle ; Miles-Chan, Jennifer L. ; Montani, Jean-Pierre ; Dulloo, Abdul G.

In: American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2019, vol. 317, no. 4, p. E699–E709

The recovery of body weight after substantial weight loss or growth retardation is often characterized by a disproportionately higher rate of fat mass vs. lean mass recovery, with this phenomenon of “preferential catch-up fat” being contributed by energy conservation (thrifty) metabolism. To test the hypothesis that a low core body temperature (Tc) constitutes a thrifty metabolic trait...

Université de Fribourg

Assessment of the dose–response relationship between meal protein content and postprandial thermogenesis: effect of sex and the oral contraceptive pill

Duhita, Maharani R. ; Schutz, Yves ; Montani, Jean-Pierre ; Dulloo, Abdul G. ; Miles-Chan, Jennifer L.

In: Nutrients, 2019, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1599

Implementation of efficacious dietary interventions to regulate energy balance requires understanding of the determinants of individual response. To date, information regarding individual variability in response to elevated meal protein content is lacking. This study investigates whether sex and/or oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use play a role in the response to elevated meal protein in 21...

Université de Fribourg

Reduced skeletal muscle protein turnover and thyroid hormone metabolism in adaptive thermogenesis that facilitates body fat recovery during weight regain

Calonne, Julie ; Isacco, Laurie ; Miles-Chan, Jennifer L. ; Arsenijevic, Denis ; Montani, Jean-Pierre ; Guillet, Christelle ; Boirie, Yves ; Dulloo, Abdul G.

In: Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2019, vol. 10, p. -

Objective: The recovery of body composition after weight loss is characterized by an accelerated rate of fat recovery (preferential catch-up fat) resulting partly from an adaptive suppression of thermogenesis. Although the skeletal muscle has been implicated as an effector site for such thrifty (energy conservation) metabolism driving catch-up fat, the underlying mechanisms remain to be...

Université de Fribourg

The case of GWAS of obesity: does body weight control play by the rules?

Müller, Manfred J. ; Geisler, Corinna ; Blundell, John ; Dulloo, Abdul G. ; Schutz, Yves ; Krawczak, Michael ; Bosy-Westphal, Anja ; Enderle, Janna ; Heymsfield, Steven B.

In: International Journal of Obesity, 2018, vol. 42, no. 8, p. 1395–1405

As yet, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have not added much to our understanding of the mechanisms of body weight control and of the etiology of obesity. This shortcoming is widely attributed to the complexity of the issues. The appeal of this explanation notwithstanding, we surmise that (i) an oversimplification of the phenotype (namely by the use of crude anthropometric traits) and...

Université de Fribourg

The contribution of Swiss scientists to the assessment of energy metabolism

Montani, Jean-Pierre ; Schutz, Yves ; Dulloo, Abdul G.

In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018, vol. 72, no. 5, p. 665–679

Although Switzerland is considered a small country, it has its share in discoveries, inventions and developments for the assessment of energy metabolism. This includes seminal contributions to respiratory and metabolic physiology and to devices for measuring energy expenditure by direct and indirect calorimetry in vivo in humans and small animals (as well as in vitro in organs/tissues), for...

Université de Fribourg

Collateral fattening in body composition autoregulation: its determinants and significance for obesity predisposition

Dulloo, Abdul G. ; Miles-Chan, Jennifer L. ; Schutz, Yves

In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2018, vol. 72, no. 5, p. 657–664

Collateral fattening refers to the process whereby excess fat is deposited as a result of the body’s attempt to counter a deficit in lean mass through overeating. Its demonstration and significance to weight regulation and obesity can be traced to work on energy budget strategies in growing mammals and birds, and to men recovering from experimental starvation. The cardinal features of...