Université de Fribourg

Cytotypes of Centaurea stoebe found to differ in root growth using growth pouches

Collins, Alexandra R. ; Thalmann, Daniela ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

In: Weed Research, 2013, p. -

Centaurea stoebe is native to Europe and Western Asia and was introduced into North America in the late 19th century, where it has become highly invasive. In its native range, C. stoebe occurs in two cytotypes, namely diploids (2n = 18) and tetraploids (2n = 36), but only the tetraploid form has been identified in the invaded range. We used special growth pouches to determine whether diploid and...

Université de Fribourg

Polyploidy in phenotypic space and invasion context: a morphometric study of Centraurea stoebe s.l.

Mráz, Patrik ; Bourchier, Robert S. ; Treier, Urs A. ; Schaffner, Urs ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

In: International Journal of Plant Sciences, 2011, vol. 172, no. 3, p. 386-402

The taxonomy of the Centaurea stoebe complex is controversial. Diploid and tetraploid plants occur in its native European range, but to date only tetraploids have been recorded from its introduced range in North America. We examined morphological differentiation of C. stoebe using multivariate and univariate approaches to clarify the taxonomic status of the known cytotypes. We measured more...

Université de Fribourg

Evidence for a combination of pre-adapted traits and rapid adaptive change in the invasive plant Centaurea stoebe

Henery, Martin L. ; Bowman, Gillianne ; Mráz, Patrik ; Treier, Urs A. ; Gex-Fabry, Emilie ; Schaffner, Urs ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

In: Joural of Ecology, 2010, vol. 98, no. 4, p. 800–813

1. Introduced plants have the potential to rapidly evolve traits of ecological importance that may add to their innate potential to become invasive. During invasions, selection may favour genotypes that are already pre-adapted to conditions in the new habitat and, over time, alter the characteristics of subsequent generations. 2. Spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) occurs in two predominantly...

Université de Fribourg

Shift in cytotype frequency and niche space in the invasive plant Centaurea maculosa

Treier, Urs A. ; Broennimann, Olivier ; Normand, Signe ; Guisan, Antoine ; Schaffner, Urs ; Steinger, Thomas ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

In: Ecology, 2009, vol. 90, no. 5, p. 1366-1377

Polyploidy is often assumed to increase the spread and thus the success of alien plant species, but few empirical studies exist. We tested this hypothesis with Centaurea maculosa Lam., a species native to Europe and introduced into North America approximately 120 years ago where it became highly invasive. We analyzed the ploidy level of more than 2000 plants from 93 native and 48 invasive C....

Université de Fribourg

Evidence of climatic niche shift during biological invasion

Broennimann, Olivier ; Treier, Urs A. ; Müller-Schärer, Heinz ; Thuiller, W. ; Peterson, A. T. ; Guisan, Antoine

In: Ecology Letters, 2007, vol. 10, no. 8, p. 701-709

Niche-based models calibrated in the native range by relating species observations to climatic variables are commonly used to predict the potential spatial extent of species’ invasion. This climate matching approach relies on the assumption that invasive species conserve their climatic niche in the invaded ranges. We test this assumption by analysing the climatic niche spaces of Spotted...