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Urinary Cadmium Excretion Is Associated With Increased Synthesis of Cortico- and Sex Steroids in a Population Study

Bochud, Murielle ; Jenny-Burri, Judith ; Pruijm, Menno ; Ponte, Belen ; Guessous, Idris ; Ehret, Georg ; Petrovic, Dusan ; Dudler, Vincent ; Haldimann, Max ; Escher, Geneviève ; Dick, Bernhard ; Mohaupt, Markus ; Paccaud, Fred ; Burnier, Michel ; Péchère-Bertschi, Antoinette ; Martin, Pierre-Yves ; Vogt, Bruno ; Ackermann, Daniel

In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017, vol. 103, no. 2, p. 748-758

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    Title
    • Urinary Cadmium Excretion Is Associated With Increased Synthesis of Cortico- and Sex Steroids in a Population Study
    Author
    • Bochud, Murielle. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Jenny-Burri, Judith. Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Risk Assessment Division, Bern, Switzerland
    • Pruijm, Menno. Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Ponte, Belen. Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Guessous, Idris. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Ehret, Georg. Cardiology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Petrovic, Dusan. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Dudler, Vincent. Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Risk Assessment Division, Bern, Switzerland
    • Haldimann, Max. Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office, Risk Assessment Division, Bern, Switzerland
    • Escher, Geneviève. Department for Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • Dick, Bernhard. Department for Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • Mohaupt, Markus. Department for Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • Paccaud, Fred. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Burnier, Michel. Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Péchère-Bertschi, Antoinette. Service of Endocrinology, Department of Specialties of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Martin, Pierre-Yves. Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Vogt, Bruno. Department for Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    • Ackermann, Daniel. Department for Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
    Document Type
    • Postprint
    Language
    • English
    Published in
    • The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2017, vol. 103, no. 2, p. 748-758. Endocrine Society
    Other Version
    OAI-PMH Identifier
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:332186
    Summary
    Abstract Context Urinary cadmium (Cd) excretion is associated with cancer and cardiovascular morbidity. A potential mechanism could be disturbance of steroidogenesis in gonads and adrenal glands. Objective We tested whether urinary excretion of Cd is correlated with that of cortico- and sex steroid metabolites in the general adult population. Setting The Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension is a multicentric, family-based population study. Measures Urinary excretions of steroid hormone metabolites and Cd were measured with separate day and night collections. Associations were analyzed by mixed linear models. Results Urinary Cd and testosterone excretions in men were significantly correlated (respective day and night β values [standard error (SE)], 1.378 [0.242], P < 0.0005; and 1.440 [0.333], P < 0.0005), but not in women [0.333(0.257), P = 0.2; and 0.674 (0.361), P = 0.06]. Urinary Cd and cortisol excretions were positively associated in both sexes [day: β = 0.475 (SE, 0.157), P = 0.0025, and 0.877 (SE, 0.194), P < 0.0005, respectively; night: β = 0.875 (SE, 0.253), P < 0.0005 and 1.183 (SE, 0.277), P = 0.00002, respectively]. Cd excretion was correlated with mineralocorticoid metabolites excretion, except tetrahydroaldosterone, in both sexes (P < 0.01). There was an independent effect of Cd on sex hormone and corticosteroid synthesis and an interdependent effect on gluco- and mineralcorticoid production. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence for a global stimulating effect on steroid synthesis already at low-dose Cd exposure. These findings might explain the association of Cd with diseases such as steroid-sensitive cancers or metabolic disorders.