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The NADPH oxidase NOX2 plays a role in periodontal pathologies

Giannopoulou, Catherine ; Krause, Karl-Heinz ; Müller, Frauke

In: Seminars in Immunopathology, 2008, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 273-278

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    Titre
    • The NADPH oxidase NOX2 plays a role in periodontal pathologies
    Auteur
    • Giannopoulou, Catherine. Division of Periodontology, University of Geneva Dental School, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Krause, Karl-Heinz. Departments of Pathology, Immunology and Clinical Pathology, Centre Medical Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
    • Müller, Frauke. Division of Gerontology and Removable Prosthodontics, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, 19 rue Barthélemy-Menn, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Inglese
    Publié dans
    • Seminars in Immunopathology, 2008, vol. 30, no. 3, p. 273-278. Springer-Verlag
    Autre version électronique
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:320362
    Summary
    Oxidative stress plays an important role in periodontal health and disease. The phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase NOX2 is most likely one of the key sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in periodontal tissues. This review will discuss three clinical aspects of NOX2 function. We will first focus on oral pathology in NOX2 deficiency such as chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). CGD patients are thought to suffer from infections and sterile hyperinflammation in the oral cavity. Indeed, the periodontium appears to be the most common site of infection in CGD patients; however, as periodontitis is also common in the general population, it is not clear to which extent these infections can be attributed to the disease. Secondly, the role of oxidative stress in periodontal disease of diabetic patients will be reviewed. Diabetes is indeed a major risk factor to develop periodontal disease, and increased activity of leukocytes is commonly observed. Enhanced NOX2 activity is likely to be involved in the pathomechanism, but data remains somewhat preliminary. The strongest case for involvement of NOX2 in periodontal diseases is aggressive periodontitis. Increased ROS generation by leukocytes from patients with aggressive periodontitis has clearly been documented. This increased ROS generation is to be caused by two factors: (1) genetically enhanced ROS generation and (2) oral pathogens that enhance NOX function. NOX enzymes in the oral cavity have so far received little attention but are likely to be important players in this setting. New therapies could be derived from these new concepts