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Nosocomial nontyphoidal salmonellosis after antineoplastic chemotherapy: reactivation of asymptomatic colonization?

Delaloye, J. ; Merlani, G. ; Petignat, C. ; Wenger, A. ; Zaman, K. ; Monnerat, C. ; Matzinger, O. ; Beck Popovic, M. ; Vuichard, P. ; Ketterer, N. ; Tarr, P.

In: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2004, vol. 23, no. 10, p. 751-758

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    Titre
    • Nosocomial nontyphoidal salmonellosis after antineoplastic chemotherapy: reactivation of asymptomatic colonization?
    Auteur
    • Delaloye, J.. Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, CHUV, BH 07-865, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Merlani, G.. Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, CHUV, BH 07-865, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Petignat, C.. Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, CHUV, BH 07-865, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Wenger, A.. Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Zaman, K.. Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Monnerat, C.. Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Matzinger, O.. Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Beck Popovic, M.. Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Vuichard, P.. Oncology Service, Hôpital Sud Fribourgeois, 1632, Riaz, Switzerland
    • Ketterer, N.. Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHUV, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Tarr, P.. Infectious Diseases Service, University Hospital, CHUV, BH 07-865, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Inglese
    Publié dans
    • European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2004, vol. 23, no. 10, p. 751-758. Springer-Verlag; http://www.springer.de
    Autre version électronique
    Classification
    • Santé
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:316484
    Summary
    An increased frequency of nontyphoidal salmonellosis is well established in cancer patients, but it is unclear whether this represents increased susceptibility to exogenous infection or opportunistic, endogenous reactivation of asymptomatic carriage. In a retrospective study, a simple case definition was used to identify the probable presence of reactivation salmonellosis in five cancer patients between 1996 and 2002. Reactivation salmonellosis was defined as the development of nosocomial diarrhea >72h after admission and following the administration of antineoplastic chemotherapy in an HIV-seronegative cancer patient who was asymptomatic on admission, in the absence of epidemiological evidence of a nosocomial outbreak. Primary salmonellosis associated with unrecognized nosocomial transmission or community acquisition and an unusually prolonged incubation period could not entirely be ruled out. During the same time period, another opportunistic infection, Pneumocystis pneumonia, was diagnosed in six cancer patients. Presumably, asymptomatic intestinal Salmonella colonization was converted to invasive infection by chemotherapy-associated intestinal mucosal damage and altered innate immune mechanisms. According to published guidelines, stool specimens from patients hospitalized for longer than 72h should be rejected unless the patient is neutropenic or ≧65 years old with significant comorbidity. However, in this study neutropenia was present in only one patient, and four patients were <65 years old. Guidelines should thus be revised in order not to reject stool culture specimens from such patients. In cancer patients, nosocomial salmonellosis can occur as a chemotherapy-triggered opportunistic reactivation infection that may be similar in frequency to Pneumocystis pneumonia