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Ecology and Evolution of Soil Nematode Chemotaxis

Rasmann, Sergio ; Ali, Jared ; Helder, Johannes ; van der Putten, Wim

In: Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012, vol. 38, no. 6, p. 615-628

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    Titre
    • Ecology and Evolution of Soil Nematode Chemotaxis
    Auteur
    • Rasmann, Sergio. Department of Ecology and Evolution, UNIL Sorge, Le Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
    • Ali, Jared. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, E145 Corson Hall, Ithaca, NY, USA
    • Helder, Johannes. Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
    • van der Putten, Wim. Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
    Type de document
    • Postprint
    Langue
    • Inglese
    Publié dans
    • Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2012, vol. 38, no. 6, p. 615-628. Springer-Verlag
    Autre version électronique
    Identifiant OAI-PMH
    • oai:doc.rero.ch:315783
    Summary
    Plants influence the behavior of and modify community composition of soil-dwelling organisms through the exudation of organic molecules. Given the chemical complexity of the soil matrix, soil-dwelling organisms have evolved the ability to detect and respond to these cues for successful foraging. A key question is how specific these responses are and how they may evolve. Here, we review and discuss the ecology and evolution of chemotaxis of soil nematodes. Soil nematodes are a group of diverse functional and taxonomic types, which may reveal a variety of responses. We predicted that nematodes of different feeding guilds use host-specific cues for chemotaxis. However, the examination of a comprehensive nematode phylogeny revealed that distantly related nematodes, and nematodes from different feeding guilds, can exploit the same signals for positive orientation. Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is ubiquitous in soil and indicates biological activity, is widely used as such a cue. The use of the same signals by a variety of species and species groups suggests that parts of the chemo-sensory machinery have remained highly conserved during the radiation of nematodes. However, besides CO2, many other chemical compounds, belonging to different chemical classes, have been shown to induce chemotaxis in nematodes. Plants surrounded by a complex nematode community, including beneficial entomopathogenic nematodes, plant-parasitic nematodes, as well as microbial feeders, are thus under diffuse selection for producing specific molecules in the rhizosphere that maximize their fitness. However, it is largely unknown how selection may operate and how belowground signaling may evolve. Given the paucity of data for certain groups of nematodes, future work is needed to better understand the evolutionary mechanisms of communication between plant roots and soil biota